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Quantum Electronics

Use of an iodine active quantum filter for image intensification

Yu F Kutaev, S. K. Mankevich, O Yu Nosach, E. P. Orlov

Published May 31, 2001• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Intensification of the image brightness using an iodine active quantum filter is studied experimentally. The image brightness was intensified by a factor of 3000 while preserving the diffraction-limited resolution. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using an iodine active quantum filter in laser ranging and laser probing.
DOI
10.1070/qe2001v031n05abeh001969

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The effect of background light on the sensitivity of a laser receiver with an iodine active quantum filter (λ=1.315 μm) was theoretically and experimentally investigated. Upon the reception of a 40-ns pulsed signal against the background of 2.5-fold attenuated radiation of a pulsed light source with a brightness temperature of 4 × 10 4 K, the sensitivity of this receiver for a signal-to-noise ratio of three and a diffraction-limited acceptance angle was experimentally shown to be equal to 20 photons, which exceeds the quantum limit by about a factor of two. This is consistent with the results of theoretical treatment and suggests that upon the detection of optical signals against the background of the solar disk, the sensitivity of this receiver should decrease by only 12%. This receiver was compared with a receiver employing a photomultiplier of the visible range. Upon the reception of optical signals with the same parameters against the background of the solar disk and an interference filter with a transmission band width of 5 nm, the sensitivity of a receiver equipped with an FEU-115 photomultiplier was shown to be equal to about 1400 photons for a signal-to-noise ratio of three.
A laser receiver (LR) with an active quantum filter (AQF) (λ =1.315 μm) based on an iodine photodissociation laser is studied. It is shown that the LR sensitivity can be brought up to the quantum detection limit by increasing the AQF gain. Taking into account the space-time statistics of spontaneous emission of the AQF, the LR sensitivity is determined as a function of the reception solid angle and the recorder response time. Under the conditions of the experiments performed, the LR sensitivity is, to a good approximation, proportional to the square root of the product of the reception solid angle and the recorder time constant. The above dependence is confirmed experimentally upon more than a hundred-fold variation of the response time. For the reception angle that was three times greater than the diffraction-limited angle, the quantum detection limit was achieved, which amounts to approximately three photons for a 40-ns pulse for the unit signal-to-noise ratio.
Classically, the angular resolution of a telescope is limited by its diffraction limit: the ratio of its observing wavelength to its diameter. Developments in quantum information theory over the past decade have uncovered quantum-optimal measurement methods that enable super-resolution imaging beyond the diffraction limit, and many laboratory-scale demonstrations of these methods have been performed over the past decade, culminating in the recent first on-sky demonstration of quantum-enhanced astronomical imaging. In this Review, we detail the current progress and achievements of these theoretical and experimental results, discuss the astronomical science cases motivating the development of higher resolution telescopes, summarise the technological challenges facing the practical application of quantum imaging technologies to astronomy, and present a vision for the realization of \emph{quantum telescopes} with imaging resolutions orders of magnitude better than current observatories.
Long baseline diffraction-limited optical aperture synthesis technology by interferometry plays an important role in scientific study and practical application. In contrast to amplitude (phase) interferometry, intensity interferometry -- which exploits the quantum nature of light to measure the photon bunching effect in thermal light -- is robust against atmospheric turbulence and optical defects. However, a thermal light source typically has a significant divergence angle and a low average photon number per mode, forestalling the applicability over long ranges. Here, we propose and demonstrate active intensity interferometry for super-resolution imaging over the kilometer range. Our scheme exploits phase-independent multiple laser emitters to produce the thermal illumination and uses an elaborate computational algorithm to reconstruct the image. In outdoor environments, we image two-dimension millimeter-level targets over 1.36 kilometers at a resolution of 14 times the diffraction limit of a single telescope. High-resolution optical imaging and sensing are anticipated by applying long-baseline active intensity interferometry in general branches of physics and metrology.