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Optics Letters

Vulnerability to chosen-cyphertext attacks of optical encryption schemes based on double random phase keys

Artur Carnicer, Mario Montes‐Usategui, Sergio Arcos, Ignacio Juvells Prades

Published Jul 1, 2005• 595 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show how optical encryption methods based on double random phase keys are vulnerable to an organized attack of the chosen-ciphertext type. The decryption key can be easily obtained by an opponent who has repeated access to either the encryption or decryption machines. However, we have also devised a solution that prevents the attack. Our results cast doubts on the present security of these techniques.

DOI
10.1364/ol.30.001644

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We show how optical encryption methods based on double random phase keys are vulnerable to an organized attack of the chosen-ciphertext type. The decryption key can be easily obtained by an opponent who has repeated access to either the encryption or decryption machines. However, we have also devised a solution that prevents the attack. Our results cast doubts on the present security of these techniques.
We demonstrate a method of chosen-plaintext attack on lensless double-random phase encoding (L-DRPE) in the Fresnel domain. With this attack an opponent can access two encryption keys with help of the impulse functions as chosen plaintexts. This shows that a lensless optical encryption scheme based on DRPE is vulnerable to chosen-plaintext attack. Cryptoanalysis also indicates that the security worry originates from the linearity of the encryption and decryption mechanism of the L-DRPE scheme. One of the interesting features of the proposed attack is that the decryption process is lossless. Numerical simulations show good agreement with theoretical analysis.
Images can be optically encrypted by random encoding in the phase, the polarization, or even the coherence of a light field. It is important for these optical encryption methods to undergo rigorous cryptanalysis. However, only phase-encoding-based encryption has been rigorously analyzed to date. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that the double random polarization encryption (DRPolE) is vulnerable to chosen-plaintext attack (CPA). We show that the keys can be retrieved if one can choose the polarization states of two plaintext images and collect the corresponding cyphertext images. Our study reveals a serious concern regarding the DRPolE that should be addressed in the design of polarization-based optical encryption methods.
This paper analyzes the security of double random phase encoding in fresnel domain from the viewpoint of cryptoanalysis. We demonstrate the encryption system is vulnerable to chosen-plaintext attack with a prior knowledge of diffraction distance and wavelength. With this attack an opponent can access double random phase keys with the help of the impulse functions as chosen plaintext. The significant feature of proposed attack is that the decryption process is lossless. Numerical simulations show good agreement with theoretical analysis.
Security analysis of optical encryption system based on double random phase encoding indicates that the system can be classified as a linear symmetric block-cipher cryptosystem, which may lead to a great vulnerability. Under the ciphertext-only attack (COA), an opponent can attack such a cryptosystem only on the basis of estimated support of wave function in the object plane with iterative phase retrieval methods, and subsequently deduce the phase keys in the Fourier plane easily. The ciphertext-only attack (COA) requires much less resources than other types of attacks. Estimated support of wave function in the object plane could have some translations relative to the true support, so retrieved wave function could also have translations in both the amplitude and the phase, leading to a translation of retrieved plaintext relative to original plaintext. However, attackers can take this translation as a priori knowledge to traverse estimated support in the object plane until finding the best estimated keys, which bring about the best decryption quality.