Efficient, wideband and tunable optical wavelength conversion over 180 nm by four-wave mixing (Bragg scattering) in a fiber is demonstrated experimentally. This process has the potential to translate optical data (states of light) without the noise pollution associated with parametric amplification and spontaneous Raman scattering.
The authors consider, experimentally and theoretically, the quantum frequency translation (i.e., noiseless conversion) of quantum states of light, including single-photon states. This process is useful for allowing quantum optical systems (atoms, ions, cavities, fibers, detectors) operating at different wavelengths to communicate with each other. The authors recently developed the process of frequency translation in optical fiber through use of the Bragg scattering four-wave mixing process. The high nonlinearity and the ability to control dispersion in photonic crystal fiber (PCF) enable efficient translation between nearby photon channels within the visible to-near-infrared spectral range, useful in quantum networks. This offers an important advantage compared with frequency translation using second-order nonlinear optical crystals, which limits the translation process to widely separated frequencies only.
We experimentally demonstrate frequency translation of a non-classical optical field by Bragg-scattering four-wave mixing, driven by orthogonally polarized pump pulses in a birefringent optical fiber. Heralded single photons are up- and down-translated by 6.8 THz between bands at 688.1 nm and 678.2 nm, each with efficiency > 97%. The input and output spectral shape and bandwidth show negligible modulation. Second-order auto-correlation measurements of the 678.2 nm and 688.1 nm fields at maximum conversion yield values of 0.0302 ± 0.0005 and 0.028 ± 0.001, respectively, compared with the input second-order correlation of 0.026 ± 0.001; this indicates that the frequency translation process preserves the non-classical nature of the field. The high efficiency, broad bandwidth, and low noise render this scheme useful for quantum networks and sources.
Low-noise, tunable wavelength-conversion through nondegenerate four-wave mixing Bragg scattering in SiN(x) waveguides is experimentally demonstrated. Finite element method simulations of waveguide dispersion are used with the split-step Fourier method to predict device performance. Two 1550 nm wavelength band pulsed pumps are used to achieve tunable conversion of a 980 nm signal over a range of 5 nm with a peak conversion efficiency of ≈5%. The demonstrated Bragg scattering process is suitable for frequency conversion of quantum states of light.