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Optics Express

Translation of quantum states by four-wave mixing in fibers

Colin J. McKinstrie, J.D. Harvey, Stojan Radic, M. G. Raymer

Published Jan 1, 2005• 194 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical frequency conversion by four-wave mixing (Bragg scattering) in a fiber is considered. If the frequencies and polarizations of the waves are chosen judiciously, Bragg scattering enables the translation of individual and entangled states, without the noise pollution associated with parametric amplification (modulation instability or phase conjugation), and with reduced noise pollution associated with stimulated Raman scattering.

DOI
10.1364/opex.13.009131

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Optical frequency conversion by four-wave mixing (Bragg scattering) in a fiber is considered. If the frequencies and polarizations of the waves are chosen judiciously, Bragg scattering enables the translation of individual and entangled states, without the noise pollution associated with parametric amplification (modulation instability or phase conjugation), and with reduced noise pollution associated with stimulated Raman scattering.
The authors consider, experimentally and theoretically, the quantum frequency translation (i.e., noiseless conversion) of quantum states of light, including single-photon states. This process is useful for allowing quantum optical systems (atoms, ions, cavities, fibers, detectors) operating at different wavelengths to communicate with each other. The authors recently developed the process of frequency translation in optical fiber through use of the Bragg scattering four-wave mixing process. The high nonlinearity and the ability to control dispersion in photonic crystal fiber (PCF) enable efficient translation between nearby photon channels within the visible to-near-infrared spectral range, useful in quantum networks. This offers an important advantage compared with frequency translation using second-order nonlinear optical crystals, which limits the translation process to widely separated frequencies only.
We experimentally demonstrate frequency translation of a non-classical optical field by Bragg-scattering four-wave mixing, driven by orthogonally polarized pump pulses in a birefringent optical fiber. Heralded single photons are up- and down-translated by 6.8 THz between bands at 688.1 nm and 678.2 nm, each with efficiency > 97%. The input and output spectral shape and bandwidth show negligible modulation. Second-order auto-correlation measurements of the 678.2 nm and 688.1 nm fields at maximum conversion yield values of 0.0302 ± 0.0005 and 0.028 ± 0.001, respectively, compared with the input second-order correlation of 0.026 ± 0.001; this indicates that the frequency translation process preserves the non-classical nature of the field. The high efficiency, broad bandwidth, and low noise render this scheme useful for quantum networks and sources.