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Physical Review Letters

New construction of solvable lattice models including an Ising model in a field

S. Ole Warnaar, Bernard Nienhuis, Katherine Seaton

Published Aug 3, 1992• 112 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this Letter we report a new construction to obtain restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS) models out of loop models. The method is a generalization of ideas developed by Owczarek and Baxter, and by Pasquier. In particular we consider a solvable O(n) model and point out that some of the RSOS models thus obtained admit an off-critical extension. Among these models we find a spin-1 Ising model, which is solvable not only at the critical point, but also in a fieldlike deviation away from it. We calculate the critical exponent \ensuremath{\delta}=15 directly from the relation between the free energy and the field. This is the first determination of this exponent without the use of scaling relations.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.69.710

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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics•Nov 1, 2006•1 citation
In this Letter we report a new construction to obtain restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS) models out of loop models. The method is a generalization of ideas developed by Owczarek and Baxter, and by Pasquier. In particular we consider a solvable O(n) model and point out that some of the RSOS models thus obtained admit an off-critical extension. Among these models we find a spin-1 Ising model, which is solvable not only at the critical point, but also in a fieldlike deviation away from it. We calculate the critical exponent \ensuremath{\delta}=15 directly from the relation between the free energy and the field. This is the first determination of this exponent without the use of scaling relations.
In the present paper we study scaling field theories related to the class of exactly solvable noncritical models of statistical mechanics which are known as RSOS (restricted solid-on-solid) or IRF (interaction round a face) models.These models are related to simple Lie algebras and they generalize the integrable version of RSOS model proposed by Andrews, Baxter and Forrester. 1 > The models related to gl(n) were found by Jimbo, Miwa and Okado, 2 > the models related to other classical Lie algebras were obtained by the same authors in Ref. 3) and by Pasquier in Ref. 4) for Dn-case with a special coupling constant.Critical properties of JMO model were found in Ref. 5) where the authors obtain the explicit formulas for magnetization in the model and compute its critical behavior.It was established there that the critical behavior of these models was described by coset conformal field theories. 6>. 7 > Therefore it is natural to expect that corresponding scaling field theories will be integrable perturbations of these conformal field theories.s>In this paper we describe the thermodynamics of the noncritical magnetic chain.Then we find the ground state, excitations over the ground state and the scattering amplitudes of excitations.By getting the scaling limit over the ground state of the model we compute the central charges of corresponding field theories, the dimensions of perturbations, the spectrum and scattering amplitudes of excitations.Under certain assumptions we generalize these results for any Lie algebra of A-D-E type.In certain simplest cases this gives known S-matrices like Es, E1, Es scalar S-matrices. 9> In certain other models matrix elements of the S-matrix are given by Pasquier's solutions 4 > of the Yang-Baxter equation.We do not discuss here the relation of RSOS models to integrable models of vertex type. 23>' 25 > Partially the relation was explained in Refs.4) and 26).The relation between the spectrum of row-to-row transfer matrices in RSOS and in vertex models will be given in a separate publication.For some of the scaling models the same answer was obtained by Bernard and
We analytically compute the Renyi entropies for the RSOS models, representing a wide class of exactly solvable models with multicritical conformal points described by unitary minimal models and Zn\mathbb{Z}_nZn​ parafermions. The exact expressions allow for an explicit comparison of the expansions around the critical points with the predictions coming from field theory. In this way it is possible to point out the nature of the so-called "unusual corrections", clarifying the link with the operator content, the role of the symmetries and the boundary conditions. By choosing different boundary conditions, we can single out the ground states as well as certain combinations of high energy states. We find that the {\it entanglement spectrum} is given by operators that are not present in the bulk Hamiltonian, although they belong to the same representation of a Virasoro Algebra. In the parafermionic case we observe unexpected logarithmic corrections.
We conjecture the inversion relations for thermalized solvable interaction round the face (IRF) two dimensional lattice models. We base ourselves on an ansatz for the Baxterization described in the 90's. We solve these inversion relations in the four main regimes of the models, to give the free energy of the models, in these regimes. We use the method of Baxter in the calculation of the free energy of the hard hexagon model. We believe these results to be quite general, shared by most of the known IRF models. Our results apply equally well to solvable vertex models. Using the expression for the free energy we calculate the critical exponent α, and from it the dimension of the perturbing (thermal) operator in the fixed point conformal field theory (CFT). We show that it matches either the coset O/G or G/O, where O is the original CFT used to define the model and G is some unknown CFT, depending on the regime. This agrees with known examples of such models by Huse and Jimbo et al.
We analytically compute the Renyi entropies for the RSOS models, representing a wide class of exactly solvable models with multicritical conformal points described by unitary minimal models and Zn{\mathbb{Z}}_{n}Zn​ parafermions. The exact expressions allow for an explicit comparison of the expansions around the critical points with the predictions coming from field theory. In this way, it is possible to point out the nature of the so-called ``unusual corrections,'' clarifying the link with the operator content, the role of the symmetries and the boundary conditions. By choosing different boundary conditions, we can single out the ground states as well as certain combinations of high-energy states. We find that the entanglement spectrum is given by operators different from those responsible for the off-critical perturbation, although they belong to the same representation of a Virasoro algebra. In the parafermionic case, we observe unexpected logarithmic corrections.
The coordinates of the critical points of spin-S Ising models with coupling constants J and J′ are calculated for 1/2 ≤ S ≤ 13/2. The calculations are performed for several values of S and Δ ≡ J′/J independently by using the phenomenological renormalization-group method or (approximate) self-duality. Numerical results combined with a mean-field analysis show that the critical coupling strength for Δ ∼ 1 (weakly anisotropic lattice) is K c () (Δ) = K c () (1)[1 + a(1 − Δ)], where a = (d − 1)/d is independent of S (d is the space dimension). Both free energy and internal energy are determined at the critical points. An extremum of the critical internal energy is found at Δ* ∈ (0, 1). The parameter Δ* can be used as a criterion that separates quasi-isotropic and quasi-one-dimensional regimes (Δ* < Δ ≤ 1 and Δ < Δ*, respectively). The finite-size scaling amplitudes A s and A e of the inverse spin-spin and energy-energy correlation lengths are estimated. Calculations show that the amplitudes A s and A e are independent of S within the accuracy of the adopted approximations. Moreover, their ratio A e/A s is independent of the anisotropy parameter Δ. These results support the Ising universality hypothesis.