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Chinese Physics

Security analysis of continuous-variable quantum key distribution scheme

Zhu Jun, Guangqiang He, Zeng Gui-Hua

Published May 1, 2007• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper security of the quantum key distribution scheme using correlations of continuous variable Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pairs is investigated. A new approach for calculating the secret information rate Δ I is proposed by using the Shannon information theory. Employing an available parameter F which is associated with the entanglement of the EPR pairs, one can detect easily the eavesdropping. Results show that the proposed scheme is secure against individual beam splitter attack strategy with a proper squeeze parameter.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/16/5/033

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In this paper security of the quantum key distribution scheme using correlations of continuous variable Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pairs is investigated. A new approach for calculating the secret information rate Δ I is proposed by using the Shannon information theory. Employing an available parameter F which is associated with the entanglement of the EPR pairs, one can detect easily the eavesdropping. Results show that the proposed scheme is secure against individual beam splitter attack strategy with a proper squeeze parameter.
A quantum secure communication protocol using correlations of continuous variable Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is proposed. The proposed protocol may implement both quantum key distribution and quantum message encryption by using a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier (NOPA). The general Gaussian-cloner attack strategy is investigated in detail by employing Shannon information theory. Results show that the proposed scheme is secure, which is guaranteed physically by the correlations of the continuous variable EPR entanglement pairs generated by the NOPA.
This paper proposes a deterministic quantum key distribution scheme based on Gaussian-modulated continuous variable EPR correlations. This scheme can implement fast and efficient key distribution. The security is guaranteed by continuous variable EPR entanglement correlations produced by nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier. For general beam splitter eavesdropping strategy, the secret information rate Δ I = I (α,β)− I (α, ) is calculated in view of Shannon information theory. Finally the security analysis is presented.
In a previous paper certain measurable criteria have been derived, that are sufficient to demonstrate the existence of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations for measurements with continuous variable outcomes. Here it is shown how such EPR criteria, which do not demand perfect EPR correlations, can be used to prove the extent of security for continuous variable quantum cryptographic schemes (in analogy to that proposed by Ekert) where Alice and Bob hope to construct a secure sequence of values from measurements performed on continuous-variable EPR-correlated fields sent from a distant source. It is proven that the demonstration of the EPR criterion on Alice's and Bob's joint statistics compels a necessary loss in the ability to infer the results shared by Alice and Bob, by measurements performed on any third channel potentially representing an eavesdropper (Eve). This result makes no assumption about the nature of the quantum source of the fields transmitted to Alice and Bob, except that the EPR correlations are observed at the final detector locations. In this way a means is provided to establish security in the presence of some loss and less than optimal correlation, and against any eavesdropping strategy employed by Eve prior to detection of the fields by Alice and Bob.
We proposed a scheme of continuous-variable quantum key distribution, in which the bright Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled optical beams are utilized. The source of the entangled beams is placed inside the receiving station, where half of the entangled beams are transmitted with round trip and the other half are retained by the receiver. The amplitude and phase signals modulated on the signal beam by the sender are simultaneously extracted by the authorized receiver with the scheme of the dense-coding correlation measurement for continuous quantum variables, thus the channel capacity is significantly improved. Two kinds of possible eavesdropping are discussed. The mutual information and the secret key rates are calculated and compared with those of unidirectional transmission schemes.