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AIP conference proceedings

Multidimensional Quantum Stochastic Integrals

Joseph Spring, Timothy C. Ralph, Ping Koy Lam

Published Jan 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum stochastic analogues (H,A{Az}z∈R+,m,R+), of a classical stochastic base may be formed whereby a classical sample space Ω is replaced by a Hilbert Space H, σ‐field F is replaced by a von Neumann algebra b, the filtration {FI}i∈I by a filtration {Bz}z of von Neumann subalgebras of the von Neumann algebra B and the probability measure P with gage m [1]. In this presentation we consider quantum analogues for multidimensional stochastic processes, extending quantum results in [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].

DOI
10.1063/1.3630154

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Quantum stochastic analogues (H,A{Az}z∈R+,m,R+), of a classical stochastic base may be formed whereby a classical sample space Ω is replaced by a Hilbert Space H, σ‐field F is replaced by a von Neumann algebra b, the filtration {FI}i∈I by a filtration {Bz}z of von Neumann subalgebras of the von Neumann algebra B and the probability measure P with gage m [1]. In this presentation we consider quantum analogues for multidimensional stochastic processes, extending quantum results in [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].
A note on Meyer's note.- Stochastic integration.- Quantum stochastic parallel transport on non-commutative vector bundles.- Input and output channels in quantum systems and quantum stochastic differential equations.- Some noncommutative Radon-Nikodym Theorems for von Neumann algebras.- Multidimensional quantum diffusions.- An application of de finetti's theorem.- The quantum Langevin equation from the independent-oscillator model.- Quantum poisson processes: Physical motivations and applications.- A noncommutative generalization of conditionally positive definite functions.- Contraction semigroups in L2 over a von neumann algebra.- Survey on a theory of non-commutative stationary markov processes.- Dynamical entropy for quantum systems.- An integral kernel approach to noise.- A note on shifts and cocycles.- Local measures in fock space stochastic calculus and a generalized ito-tanaka formula.- Representation of a class of quantum martingales II.- Conditional expectation in quantum probability.- Mutual quadratic variation and ito's table in quantum stochastic calculus.- On mixing properties of automorphisms of von neumann algebras related to measure space transformations.- First exit time: A theory of stopping times in quantum processes.- A central limit theorem on the free lie group.- Entropy, observability and the generalised second law of thermodynamics.- Remarks on asymptotic properties of groups of the bogoliubov transformations of car c*-algebras.- Linear and non-linear stochastic processes.- Detailed balance and critical slowing down.- Quantum martingales and stochastic integrals.
Introduction Quantum probability is a generalization of both classical probability theory and quantum mechanics that allows to describe the probabilistic aspects of quantum mechanics. This generalization is formulated in two steps. First, the theory is reformulated in terms of algebras of functions on probability spaces. Therefore, the notion of a probability space (Ω, ℱ , P ) is replaced by the pair ( L ∞ (Ω), E (.) = ∫ Ω . d P ) consisting of the commutative von Neumann algebra of bounded random variables and the expectation functional. Then, the commutativity condition is dropped. In this way we arrive at the notion of a (von Neumann) algebraic probability space ( N ,Φ) consisting of a von Neumann algebra N and a normal (faithful tracial) state Φ. As we have seen this includes classical probability spaces in the form ( L ∞ (Ω), E ), it also includes quantum mechanical systems modeled by a Hilbert space H and a pure state ψ ∊ H (or a mixed state ρ ∊ S ( H )), if we take N = B ( H ) and Ф the state defined by Ф( X ) = 〈 ψ, X ψ 〉 (or Ф ( X ) = tr(ρ X )) for X ∊ B ( H ). Note that in this course we shall relax the conditions on N and Φ and work with involutive algebras and positive normalized functionals, that is, *-algebraic probability spaces. A striking feature of quantum probability (also called noncommutative probability) is the existence of several notions of independence. This is the starting point of this course, which intends to give an introduction to the theory of quantum stochastic processes with independent increments. However, before we come to these processes, we will give a general introduction to quantum probability. In Section 1.2, we recall the basic definitions of quantum probability and discuss some fundamental differences between classical probability and quantum probability. In Section 1.3 we address the question ‘Why do we need Quantum Probability?’ We discuss the EPR experiment and the Kochen–Specker Theorem, which show that we cannot model quantum physics with classical probability spaces because the values of observable quantities do not exist unless we specify which measurement we will carry out and which quantities we will determine. In this sense quantum physics requires a more radical description of chance.
Classical stochastic integration is based upon a probability space involving a filtration of sigma‐algebras. This construction lends itself to non‐commutative quantum analogues based for example, on a Hilbert space, a filtration of von Neumann algebras and gage. We recall a non‐commutative construction for the two parameter case, these being integrals in the plane, resulting in type one and type two stochastic integrals which are orthogonal, centred L2 — martingales, obeying isometry properties and develop the construction to obtain an Ito‐Clifford Wong‐Zakai martingale representation.
In Section 21 we have already seen how the classical stochastic processes with independent increments can be realised as suitable linear combinations of the creation, conservation and annihilation operators in the boson Fock space Γ s (ℋ) over a Hilbert space ℋ. This includes, in particular, the Brownian motion and Poisson process. Since a well-developed theory of stochastic integration with respect to these classical processes exists, it is natural to wonder whether it would be possible to introduce quantum probabilistic analogues of stochastic integrals with respect to processes defined by the creation, conservation and annihilation operators. To this end one needs the notions of filtration and adapted processes. This, in turn, depends on the notion of time. We adopt the view that time is an ℝ+-valued observable in a Hilbert space ℋ which, as a spectral measure, has no jumps. The absence of jumps is assumed more as a matter of mathematical convenience than a philosophical or conceptual necessity. We shall now examine how such a notion of time leads to a filtration and the definition of adapted processes. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Cecchini's transition expectations and markov chains.- Central limits of squeezing operators.- On the weak coupling limit problem.- On multi-dimensional markovian cocycles.- Quantum stop times.- Quantum random walks.- Unitary dilation of a nonlinear quantum boltzmann equation.- On isometries of non associative Lp-spaces.- Convolution semigroups in quantum probability and quantum stochastic calculus.- Stochastic couplings for von neumann algebras.- The covering property in a causal logic.- Temperature states of spin-boson models.- Bernoulli fields.- The relations of the non-commutative coefficient algebra of the unitary group.- Orthogonal series and strong laws of large numbers in von neumann algebras.- Limit theorems for repeated measurements and continuous measurement processes.- Quantum diffusions on the algebra of all bounded operators on a hilbert space.- Asymptotic formula for normal operators in non-commutative L2-spaces.- Convergences in W*-algebras - Their strange behaviour and tools for their investigation.- Positive mappings on matrix algebras.- Fluctuations of the dicke maser.- Tangent bimodule and locality for dissipative operators on C*-algebras.- Noncommutative stochastic processes with independent and stationary additive increments.- The atom in the radiation field as a quantum stochastic process.