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AIP conference proceedings

The Ito-Clifford Wong-Zakai Integrals and Martingale Representation

Joseph Spring

Published Jan 1, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Classical stochastic integration is based upon a probability space involving a filtration of sigma‐algebras. This construction lends itself to non‐commutative quantum analogues based for example, on a Hilbert space, a filtration of von Neumann algebras and gage. We recall a non‐commutative construction for the two parameter case, these being integrals in the plane, resulting in type one and type two stochastic integrals which are orthogonal, centred L2 — martingales, obeying isometry properties and develop the construction to obtain an Ito‐Clifford Wong‐Zakai martingale representation.

DOI
10.1063/1.2713488

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Classical stochastic integration is based upon a probability space involving a filtration of sigma‐algebras. This construction lends itself to non‐commutative quantum analogues based for example, on a Hilbert space, a filtration of von Neumann algebras and gage. We recall a non‐commutative construction for the two parameter case, these being integrals in the plane, resulting in type one and type two stochastic integrals which are orthogonal, centred L2 — martingales, obeying isometry properties and develop the construction to obtain an Ito‐Clifford Wong‐Zakai martingale representation.
Martingales are fundamental stochastic process used to model the concept of fair game. They have a multitude of applications in the real world that include, random walks, Brownian motion, gamblers fortunes and survival analysis, Just as commutative integration theory may be realised as a special case of the more general non-commutative theory for integrals, so too, we find classical probability may be realised as a limiting, special case of quantum probability theory. In this thesis we are concerned with the development of multiparameter quantum stochastic integrals extending non-commutative constructions to the general n parameter case, these being multiparameter quantum stochastic integrals over the positive n - dimensional plane, employing martingales as integrator. The thesis extends previous analogues of type one, and type two stochastic integrals, for both Clifford and quasi free representations. As with one and two dimensional parameter sets, the stochastic integrals constructed form orthogonal, centred L2 - martingales, obeying isometry properties. We further explore analogues for weakly adapted processes, properties relating to the resulting quantum stochastic integrals, develop analogues to Fubini’s theorem, and explore applications for quantum stochastic integrals in a security setting.
Quantum stochastic analogues (H,A{Az}z∈R+,m,R+), of a classical stochastic base may be formed whereby a classical sample space Ω is replaced by a Hilbert Space H, σ‐field F is replaced by a von Neumann algebra b, the filtration {FI}i∈I by a filtration {Bz}z of von Neumann subalgebras of the von Neumann algebra B and the probability measure P with gage m [1]. In this presentation we consider quantum analogues for multidimensional stochastic processes, extending quantum results in [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].
Quantum stochastic integrals have been constructed in various contexts [2, 3, 4, 5, 9] by adapting the construction of the classical L2-Itô-integral with respect to Brownian motion. Thus, the integral is first defined for simple integrands as a finite sum, then one establishes certain isometry relations or suitable bounds to allow the extension, by continuity, to more general integrands. The integrator is typically operator-valued, the integrand is vector-valued or operator-valued and the quantum stochastic integral is then given as a vector in a Hilbert space, or as an operator on the Hilbert space determined by its action on suitable vectors.
A simple axiomatic characterization of the noncommutative Ito algebra is given and a pseudo-Euclidean fundamental representation for such algebra is described. It is proved that every quotient Ito algebra has a faithful representation in a Minkowski space and is canonically decomposed into the orthogonal sum of quantum Brownian (Wiener) algebra and quantum Levy (Poisson) algebra. In particular, every quantum thermal noise of a finite number of degrees of freedom is the orthogonal sum of a quantum Wiener noise and a quantum Poisson noise as it is stated by the Levy-Khinchin theorem in the classical case. Two basic examples of non-commutative Ito finite group algebras are considered.
In Section 21 we have already seen how the classical stochastic processes with independent increments can be realised as suitable linear combinations of the creation, conservation and annihilation operators in the boson Fock space Γ s (ℋ) over a Hilbert space ℋ. This includes, in particular, the Brownian motion and Poisson process. Since a well-developed theory of stochastic integration with respect to these classical processes exists, it is natural to wonder whether it would be possible to introduce quantum probabilistic analogues of stochastic integrals with respect to processes defined by the creation, conservation and annihilation operators. To this end one needs the notions of filtration and adapted processes. This, in turn, depends on the notion of time. We adopt the view that time is an ℝ+-valued observable in a Hilbert space ℋ which, as a spectral measure, has no jumps. The absence of jumps is assumed more as a matter of mathematical convenience than a philosophical or conceptual necessity. We shall now examine how such a notion of time leads to a filtration and the definition of adapted processes. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.