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Optics Communications

Measurement of electric transition dipole moment using intracavity near resonant propagation in atomic vapours

Daniel L’Hermite, Michel Comte, O. Gobert, Jacques de Lamare

Published Oct 1, 1998• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0030-4018(98)00379-4

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This paper presents the results of a numerical calculation of laser pulse propagation in a vapor of three-level atoms. The calculation is semi-classical in that the macroscopic electric fields are determined classically using Maxwell's equations, while the microscopic polarization is determined quantum mechanically using Schrodinger's equation. The pump laser field is tuned nearly resonant with the first atomic transition of the three-level folded-ladder system. It has previously been shown that in a three-level vapor in which the dipole coupling of the second transition is sufficiently smaller than the dipole coupling of the first transition, the dynamics of the laser-matter interaction are dominated by self-action effects of the pump pulse. This calculation shows dramatically different propagation effects when the second transition dipole moment is greater than the first transition. The larger dipole moment allows the final state to compete with the ground state for population that is pumped into the intermediate state by the pump pulse. This enhances the Stokes gain and increases the Raman efficiency while hindering the processes that produce self-induced transparency and other self-action effects. The periodic fluctuations of the intermediate state population leads to the parametric breakup of the electric fields.
We report here the first observation and measurement of the transition magnetic moment for a strongly forbidden S-S transition of an alkali atom. By using single-photon excitation of the 6S1/2-7S1/2 caesium transition in a quasi-static electric field, we have detected an electronic polarization of the excited state, specific to an interference effect occurring in mixed electric magnetic dipole transitions. Our measurements, independent of the vapour density, indicate that the magnetic dipole amplitude M 1 has the same size as the electric dipole amplitude E1 , induced by an electric field, parallel to the light wave polarization, and equal to 2.62 ± 0.21 V/cm. We also obtain the relative sign of M 1 and E1. Using a theoretical value of E 1 and a well-defined phase convention, we deduce for the magnetic moment of the transition < 7S, 1/ 2 | μ z | 6S, 1/ 2 > = - (4.24 ± 0.34) 10-5 |μB|, in good agreement with a theoretical estimate. This result can also be expressed in terms of the oscillator strength in zero electric field f6S-7S = 4.05 × 10-15, or of the single-photon M1 decay rate Γ 7S-6S = 0.93 x 10-6 s-1.