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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Exact multimagnon states in one-dimensional ferromagnetic spin chains with a short-range interaction

V. I. Inozemtsev, Наталья Германовна Иноземцева

Published Aug 7, 1991• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The authors propose the procedure of constructing the exact wavefunctions of M magnons on an infinite one-dimensional lattice in the one-parameter model with an exponentially decreasing interaction between spins. For M<or=4 the problem is solved explicitly. The Bethe wavefunctions in the Heisenberg XXX chain appear in the limit of nearest-neighbour interaction.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/24/15/012

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The authors propose the procedure of constructing the exact wavefunctions of M magnons on an infinite one-dimensional lattice in the one-parameter model with an exponentially decreasing interaction between spins. For M<or=4 the problem is solved explicitly. The Bethe wavefunctions in the Heisenberg XXX chain appear in the limit of nearest-neighbour interaction.
It is shown that the description of the states of infinite S = 1/2 interacting spin systems with the Hamiltonian H s J Z a2 sinh-Za(J / ) (~ 1) 2 j# t , j , l~Z 2 can be performed by studying the hyperbolic Calogero-Sutherland eigenvalue problem. The construction of multimagnon wave functions in each N-magnon sector is based on solutions of the set of linear algebraic equations which determine also the structure of zonal spherical functions on symmetric spaces X ~ = SL(N, H)/Sp(N) of negative curvature. The usual Bethe Ansatz for the XXX Heisenberg model corresponds to asymptotic forms of these wave functions at small values of a 1 or large distances between spins turned over the ferromagnetic ground state.
We study a one-dimensional Heisenberg chain with competing ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor and antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interactions in a magnetic field. Starting from the fully polarized high-field state, we calculate the dispersions of the lowest-lying nnn-magnon excitations and the saturation field (n=2,3,4)(n=2,3,4)(n=2,3,4). We show that the lowest-lying excitations are always bound multimagnon states with a total momentum of $\ensuremath{\pi}$ except for a small parameter range. We argue that Bose condensation of the bound nnn magnons leads to novel Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids with multipolar correlations; nematic- and triatic-ordered liquids correspond to n=2n=2n=2 and n=3n=3n=3.
We discuss the ground state of the Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain in one dimension, considering nearest neighbor interactions. In the thermodynamic limit the energy is calculated analytically in several ways. We start by applying the Bethe ansatz to calculate the exact ground state energy of the XXX Heisenberg model. Next we study small perturbations of the spin anisotropy, the parameter for the interaction in the z-direction for the XXZ model, by applying time-independent perturbation theory. In addition we expand an exact integral expression of the energy of the XXZ model around the spin anisotropy in the thermodynamic limit. The results are compared to numerical solutions, which are obtained by means of exact diagonalization up to twelve lattice sites. We find that for ten or more lattice sites the numerics agree well with the expectation from the analytical calculations. Finally the concept of integrability is discussed in the context of the Heisenberg model.
The problem of three spin deviations from a fully aligned state is studied for the Heisenberg model with next-nearest-neighbour interactions for the case of spin 1. The method used is a straightforward generalization of the equation-of-motion method of Fukuda and Wortis, taking care of the unphysical states. The resulting integral equation is solved in one dimension and the dependence of the bound states on the next-nearest-neighbour interaction discussed. Numerical calculations have also been done for closed chains containing up to 40 spins. By using C N invariance of the Hamiltonian, the dimensionality of the space is substantially reduced. The results of the finite-chain calculation agree well with solutions obtained from the equation-of-motion method.
A study of two-magnon bound states in the next-nearest-neighbour (NNN) ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain begun by Majumdar in 1969 is extended by finding the bound states and continuum resonances for all pair wave-vectors for eta =J 2 /J 1 in the ferromagnetic range of eta =-1/4 to infinity. An exact Green function formalism is combined with the exact analytic results recently obtained by the authors for the lattice Green functions of the system to afford a definitive analysis. The Heisenberg case exhibits a modified nearest-neighbour (NN) type bound state throughout the range of eta studied and for total pair wave-vector (K=k 1 +k 2 ) throughout the zone, in contrast to Majumdar who concluded that this was only the case for positive eta . The continuum also possesses a rich structure which is displayed via a shaded (grey-level) intensity plot in the ( omega , K) plane. An unexpected result is the presence of a second (anti-)bound state just above the continuum for negative eta . The evolution of the bound state and resonance structure is also examined for the transition to dominant NNN interactions. A general formulation is given which includes Ising and uniaxial anisotropies as well as biquadratic exchange for arbitrary range, dimension and Bravais lattice.
We solve few-magnon problems for a finite-size spin-SSS periodic Heisenberg XXZ chain with single-ion anisotropy through constructing sets of exact Bloch states achieving block diagonalization of the system. Concretely, the two-magnon (three-magnon) problem is converted to a single-particle one on a one-dimensional (two-dimensional) effective lattice whose size depends linearly (quadratically) on the total number of sites. For parameters lying within certain ranges, various types of multimagnon bound states are manifested and shown to correspond to edge states on the effective lattices. In the absence of the single-ion anisotropy, we reveal the condition under which exact zero-energy states emerge. As applications of the formalism, we calculate the transverse dynamic structure factor for a higher-spin chain near saturation magnetization and find signatures of the multimagnon bound states. We also calculate the real-time three-magnon dynamics from certain localized states, which are relevant to cold-atom quantum simulations, by simulating single-particle quantum walks on the effective lattices. This provides a physically transparent interpretation of the observed dynamics in terms of propagation of bound state excitations. Our method can be directly applied to more general spin or itinerant particle systems possessing translational symmetry.