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Physical Review A

Analysis of experimental feasibility of polar-molecule-based phase gates

Elena Kuznetsova, Robin Côté, K. Kirby, Susanne F. Yelin

Published Jul 9, 2008• 50 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze a recently proposed physical implementation of a quantum computer based on polar molecules with ``switchable'' dipoles, i.e., dipole moments that can be switched ``on'' and ``off''. Conditional dipole-dipole interaction is an efficient tool for realizing two-qubit quantum gates necessary to construct universal gates. A set of general requirements for a molecular system is presented, which would provide an optimal combination of quantum gate times, coherence times, number of operations, high gate accuracy, and experimental feasibility. We proceed with an analysis of a two-qubit phase gate realization based on switchable dipole-dipole interactions between polar molecules in an optical lattice architecture. We consider one of the schemes proposed in our previous work [Phys. Rev. A 74, 050301(R) (2006)], using specific molecules, such as CO and NF. We suggest suitable electronic states and transitions, and investigate requirements for the laser pulses driving them. Finally, we analyze possible sources of decoherence and list practical difficulties of the scheme.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.78.012313

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We analyze a recently proposed physical implementation of a quantum computer based on polar molecules with switchable'' dipoles, i.e., dipole moments that can be switched on'' and ``off''. Conditional dipole-dipole interaction is an efficient tool for realizing two-qubit quantum gates necessary to construct universal gates. A set of general requirements for a molecular system is presented, which would provide an optimal combination of quantum gate times, coherence times, number of operations, high gate accuracy, and experimental feasibility. We proceed with an analysis of a two-qubit phase gate realization based on switchable dipole-dipole interactions between polar molecules in an optical lattice architecture. We consider one of the schemes proposed in our previous work [Phys. Rev. A 74, 050301(R) (2006)], using specific molecules, such as CO and NF. We suggest suitable electronic states and transitions, and investigate requirements for the laser pulses driving them. Finally, we analyze possible sources of decoherence and list practical difficulties of the scheme.
We analyse recently proposed physical implementations of a quantum computer based on polar molecules. A set of general requirements for a molecular system is presented, which would provide an optimal combination of quantum gate times, coherence times, number of operations, high gate accuracy and experimental feasibility. We proceed with a detailed analysis of a scheme utilizing switchable dipole-dipole interactions between polar molecules. Switchable dipole-dipole interaction is an efficient tool for realization of two-qubit quantum gates, necessary to construct a universal set of gates. We consider three possible realizations of a phase gate using specific molecules, such as CO, NF, alkali dimers and alkaline-earth monohalides. We suggest suitable electronic states and ransitions and investigate requirements for the pulses driving them. Finally, we analyse possible sources of decoherence.
"We analyze recently proposed physical implementations of a quantum computer based on polar molecules with switchable dipoles. Switch- able dipole-dipole interaction is an efficient tool for realization of two-qubit quantum gates, necessary to construct a universal set of gates. We specifically study a phase gate realization based on switchable dipole-dipole interactions between polar molecules in an optical lattice architecture. We consider one possible realization of the phase gate using a specific molecule, such as 13 CO."
We show how ultracold polar molecules, suggested as a new platform for quantum computation, can be manipulated to switch ``on'' and ``off'' their strong dipole-dipole interactions. This can be accomplished through selective excitation of states with considerably different dipole moments. We discuss different schemes for quantum gates using real molecules: CO, LiH, and CaF, as examples of polar molecules which are being experimentally studied at ultracold temperatures. These schemes can be realized in several recently proposed architectures.
We propose an alternative scenario for the generation of entanglement between rotational quantum states of two polar molecules. This entanglement arises from dipole-dipole interaction, and is controlled by a sequence of laser pulses simultaneously exciting both molecules. We study the efficiency of the process, and discuss possible experimental implementations with cold molecules trapped in optical lattices or in solid matrices. Finally, various entanglement detection procedures are presented, and their suitability for these two physical situations is analyzed.
We study the possibility to use interaction between a polar molecule in the ground electronic and vibrational state and a Rydberg atom to construct two-qubit gates between molecular qubits and to coherently control molecular states. A polar molecule within the electron orbit in a Rydberg atom can either shift the Rydberg state, or form a Rydberg molecule. Both the atomic shift and the Rydberg molecule states depend on the initial internal state of the polar molecule, resulting in molecular state dependent van der Waals or dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms mediated interaction between polar molecules can be enhanced up to 10(3) times. We describe how the coupling between a polar molecule and a Rydberg atom can be applied to coherently control molecular states, and specifically, to individually address molecules in an optical lattice, and to non-destructively readout molecular qubits.
Optically trapped ultracold polar molecules can have multiple long-lived states for coding quantum information, and can exhibit electric dipole-dipole interactions~(DDI) which enables entanglement generation. The general understanding on the quantized motion~(QM) of molecules in the traps is that it causes fluctuation of DDI. Here, we find that the molecular QM can realize an asymmetric quantum Rabi model, which is of specific importance in the study of fundamental physics. The molecular QM can also lead to an exotic trap-dipole resonance, resulting in excess population loss to uncoupled motional states, and, hence, should be avoided in a general quantum control over polar molecules. To examine the impact of QM on quantum computing based on polar molecules, we introduce two gate protocols, a fast iSWAP gate which can be realized by a global microwave pulse of pulse area smaller than 2π2π2π, and a controlled-phase gate with an arbitrary controlled phase, and find that both gates can attain a high fidelity.