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SiPS ... design and implementation - IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems

Partly Parallel Overlapped Sum-Product Decoder Architectures for Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Codes

Ning Chen, Yongmei Dai, Zhiyuan Yan

Published Oct 1, 2006• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose partly parallel architectures based on optimal overlapped sum-product (OSP) decoding. To ensure high throughput and hardware utilization efficiency, partly parallel parity check and pipelined access to memory are utilized. Impacts of different node update algorithms and quantization schemes are studied. FPGA implementation of our proposed architectures for a (1536.768) (3.6)-regular QC LDPC code can achieve an estimated 61 Mbps decoding throughput at SNR=4.5dB. Finally, noncoherent OSP decoder, which does not always satisfy the data dependency constraints, is proposed to ensure that the maximum throughput gain 2 of the OSP decoding is achieved for all QC LDPC codes

DOI
10.1109/sips.2006.352585

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In this paper, we propose partly parallel architectures based on optimal overlapped sum-product (OSP) decoding. To ensure high throughput and hardware utilization efficiency, partly parallel parity check and pipelined access to memory are utilized. Impacts of different node update algorithms and quantization schemes are studied. FPGA implementation of our proposed architectures for a (1536.768) (3.6)-regular QC LDPC code can achieve an estimated 61 Mbps decoding throughput at SNR=4.5dB. Finally, noncoherent OSP decoder, which does not always satisfy the data dependency constraints, is proposed to ensure that the maximum throughput gain 2 of the OSP decoding is achieved for all QC LDPC codes
In this paper, we first propose a parallel turbo-sum-product (PTSP) decoding algorithm for quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check codes, and show that our proposed algorithm achieves better error performance and faster convergence than the sum-product (SP) or overlapped SP (OSP) algorithm. Based on our PTSP algorithm, we then propose a partly parallel decoder architecture, which requires smaller memory size, less memory access and power consumption, and simpler control than decoder architectures based on the OSP algorithm.
In this paper, the authors propose an efficient highly-parallel decoder architecture using partially overlapped decoding scheme for quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, which leads to reduction in hardware complexity and power consumption. Generally, due to the regularly structured parity-check matrix H of QC LDPC codes, the message updating computations in the check node unit (CNU) and the variable node unit (VNU) can be efficiently overlapped, which increases the decoding throughput by maximizing the hardware utilization efficiency (HUE). However, the partially overlapped decoding scheme cannot be used to design a highly-parallel decoding architecture for high-throughput applications. For (3, 5)-regular QC LDPC codes, our proposed method could reduce the hardware complexity by approximately 33% for the CNU and 20% for the VNU in the highly-parallel decoder architecture without any performance degradation. In addition, the power consumption can be minimized by reducing the total number of memory accesses for updated messages.
In this paper, we first propose parallel turbo-sum-product (PTSP) and turbo-shuffled-sum-product (TSSP) decoding algorithms for partly parallel decoder architectures of quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Our proposed algorithms not only achievefasterconvergenceandbettererrorperformancethan the sum-product (SP) decoding algorithm, but also needlessmemoryin implementation. Then we propose a partly parallel decoder architecture based on our PTSP algorithm and implement it using FPGA. Our PTSP decoder architecture achievessignificantlyhigherthroughputand requireslessmemorythan previously proposed decoder architectures with the same FPGA and LDPC code. Finally, to further reduce the memory requirement, we also propose a partly parallel decoder architecture based on our TSSP algorithm.
Efficient hardware implementation of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is of great interest since LDPC codes are being considered for a wide range of applications. Recently, overlapped message passing (OMP) decoding has been proposed to improve the throughput and hardware utilization efficiency (HUE) of decoder architectures for LDPC codes. In this paper, we first study the scheduling for the OMP decoding of LDPC codes, and show that maximizing the throughput gain amounts to minimizing the intra- and inter-iteration waiting times. We then focus on the OMP decoding of quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC codes. We propose a partly parallel OMP decoder architecture and implement it using FPGA. For any QC LDPC code, our OMP decoder achieves the maximum throughput gain and HUE due to overlapping, hence has higher throughput and HUE than previously proposed OMP decoders while maintaining the same hardware requirements. We also show that the maximum throughput gain and HUE achieved by our OMP decoder are ultimately determined by the given code. Thus, we propose a coset-based construction method, which results in QC LDPC codes that allow our optimal OMP decoder to achieve higher throughput and HUE.
This paper studies low-complexity high-speed decoder architectures for quasi-cyclic low density parity check (QC-LDPC) codes. Algorithmic transformation and architectural level optimization are incorporated to reduce the critical path. Enhanced partially parallel decoding architectures are proposed to linearly increase the throughput of conventional partially parallel decoders through introducing a small percentage of extra hardware. Based on the proposed architectures, a (8176, 7154) Euclidian geometry-based QC-LDPC code decoder is implemented on Xilinx field programmable gate array (FPGA) Virtex-II 6000, where an efficient nonuniform quantization scheme is employed to reduce the size of memories storing soft messages. FPGA implementation results show that the proposed decoder can achieve a maximum (source data) decoding throughput of 172 Mb/s at 15 iterations
The design of a high-speed decoder using traditional partly parallel architecture for Non-Quasi-Cyclic (NQC) Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes is a challenging problem due to its high memory-block cost and low hardware utilization efficiency. In this paper, we present efficient hardware implementation schemes for NQCLDPC codes. First, we propose an implementation-oriented construction scheme for NQC-LDPC codes to avoid memory-access conflict in the partly parallel decoder. Then, we propose a Modified Overlapped Message-Passing (MOMP) algorithm for the hardware implementation of NQC-LDPC codes. This algorithm doubles the hardware utilization efficiency and supports a higher degree of parallelism than that used in the Overlapped Message Passing (OMP) technique proposed in previous works. We also present single-core and multi-core decoder architectures in the proposed MOMP algorithm to reduce memory cost and improve circuit efficiency. Moreover, we introduce a technique called the cycle bus to further reduce the number of block RAMs in multi-core decoders. Using numerical examples, we show that, for a rate-2/3, length-15360 NQC-LDPC code with 8.43-dB coding gain for Binary PhaseShift Keying (BPSK) in an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel, the decoder with the proposed scheme achieves a 23.8%-52.6% reduction in logic utilization per Mbps and a 29.0%-90.0% reduction in message-memory bits per Mbps.