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Physical Review Letters

Observation of Quantum Noise Reduction on Twin Laser Beams

A. Heidmann, R. J. Horowicz, Serge Reynaud, E. Giacobino, Claude Fabre, G. Camy

Published Nov 30, 1987• 635 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have used a two-mode optical parametric oscillator operating above threshold to generate high-intensity twin beams which exhibit quantum correlations. The noise power measured on the intensity difference between two such beams is reduced by 30% below the shot-noise limit. Noise reduction is observed over a broad range of frequencies.
DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.59.2555

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The signal and idler beams from a non-degenerate, above threshold, optical parametric oscillator have a strong quantum correlation, which are called twin beams. This correlation arises from the simultaneous generation of the signal and idler photons in the form of twin pairs of photons through the parametric down conversion, and the generated twin beams have exactly the same photon statistics. As a result, the fluctuations on the difference between the intensities of the twin beams are reduced with respect to the shot noise limit, that is, intensity-difference squeezing. We give a comprehensive overview of the generation of twin beams using the optical parametric oscillator, and the applications exploiting the quantum correlation of twin beams are presented.
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This chapter provides a review of both theoretical and experimental results that are obtained on the Non-Degenerate Optical Parametric Oscillator above threshold operation. In particular it is shown that most of oscillator's characteristics can be understood from the fact that the non-linear crystal emits highly correlated twin photons. The chapter studies the correlation properties between the intensities of the corresponding twin fields. It provides a simple treatment in terms of “corpuscular” photons and gives a proof of the corpuscular model in a fully quantum manner. The chapter provides a classical representation of the fields but in which vacuum fluctuations are properly accounted. This “classical” approach yields the noise spectra of the various measurable quantities in the general case. The chapter presents observation of quantum noise reduction on the difference between the intensities of the two twin beams. It deals with new possible applications of the twin photons to spectroscopy and to the generation of amplitude squeezed laser beams.