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Optics Letters

Dispersion compensation for a femtosecond self-pumped phase conjugator

Changxi Yang

Published Jan 1, 1999• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Dispersion compensation for a photorefractive self-pumped phase conjugator with femtosecond pulses is analyzed. The self-pumped phase conjugator consists of a pair of dynamic gratings coupled by total internal reflections at the crystal surfaces (cat conjugator). The negative angular dispersions of refraction at the air-crystal interface and the gratings inside the crystal compensate for the positive dispersion of the finite crystal path. The experimental results show that with partial dispersion compensation the width of the self-pumped phase conjugation at 450 nm of femtosecond pulses is narrower than that of the transmitted pulses.

DOI
10.1364/ol.24.000031

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Dispersion compensation for a photorefractive self-pumped phase conjugator with femtosecond pulses is analyzed. The self-pumped phase conjugator consists of a pair of dynamic gratings coupled by total internal reflections at the crystal surfaces (cat conjugator). The negative angular dispersions of refraction at the air-crystal interface and the gratings inside the crystal compensate for the positive dispersion of the finite crystal path. The experimental results show that with partial dispersion compensation the width of the self-pumped phase conjugation at 450 nm of femtosecond pulses is narrower than that of the transmitted pulses.
The effect of grating dispersion on pulse evolution in a photorefractive self-pumped phase conjugator is analyzed. The broadening factors and the time-dependent phases of self-pumped phase-conjugate pulses of unchirped and chirped Gaussian pulses are obtained. When the grating dispersion and the angular dispersion cancel the material dispersion, the self-pumped phase-conjugate pulse has a minimum width, which is determined by the first-order dispersion of the grating. The self-pumped phase conjugation of an unchirped Gaussian pulse broadens and is linearly chirped whereas the self-pumped phase conjugation of a chirped Gaussian pulse is compressed when the dispersion-induced chirp cancels the initial chirp.
Effects of stimulated photorefractive backscattering (SPB) interactions in both stimulated photorefractive backscattering and four-wave mixing (SPB-FWM) and total internal reflection (TIR) self-pumped phase conjugators have been analyzed theoretically. SPB interactions in the four-wave mixing regions are neglected. Calculations show that the operational threshold and the phase conjugation reflectivity of both phase conjugators are very sensitive to the backscattering two-wave mixing gain coefficient of the crystals. From these results the mechanism transition phenomenon of a self-pumped phase conjugator between SPB-FWM and TIR can be explained if the backscattering gain coefficient of the crystal varies with doping concentration or with wavelength.
We measure the spectral reflectivity of a Cat (so named because its first conjugated image was that of a cat) self-pumped conjugator. We find that the transmission and the phase-conjugate reflectivity of the conjugator always vary periodically with wavelength and that the periodicity is caused by a resonator loop that springs up and self-adjusts inside the crystal. Depending on the spectral width of the incident beam, the conjugator will have either a minimum or a maximum reflectivity at the center of the writing spectrum. We show that the sign of the coherence function after one round trip of the internal resonator determines the spectral behavior of the conjugator, and we experimentally map out the dependence of the conjugator’s reflectivity and transmission on the spectral content of the incident beam.
Stationary photorefractive self-pumped phase-conjugation with one four-wave-mixing interaction region, stimulated by the photorefractive amplified backward scattering, is obtained in LiNbO 3 :Fe crystals, in which the strong backward scattered light is gotten by putting a scattering particle on the backface of the sample. Even though its reflectivities are not high (its temporal and stationary reflectivities are 10% and 3%, respectively), due to the low electrooptic coefficients of LiNbO 3 :Fe crystals, our experimental results prove that this mechanism is effective and simple comparing with the "cat" self-pumped phase-conjugator.
We have studied both experimentally and numerically the role of resonant refractive index gratings in a self-pumped phase conjugate mirror based on an Nd:YAG amplifier with nonreciprocal feedback loop. In experiment the generation of the phase-conjugating laser was delayed with respect to recording of a holographic nonlinear mirror by an external beam. An increase in the phase-conjugate reflectivity at a delay time of about 3 microseconds was measured. The numerical calculation confirmed the additional contribution of the resonant refractive-index grating, which is formed in the pumped Nd:YAG crystal due to excitation of a higher-lying level of Nd3+ ions, to efficiency of phase conjugation.