Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal de physique

Conditions for the observation of the Autler-Townes effect in a two step resonance experiment

S. Feneuille, Marie-Gabrielle Schweighofer

Published Jan 1, 1975• 52 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The object of this paper is to derive theoretically the conditions for the observation of the Autler-Townes splitting in a two step resonance experiment involving the simultaneous effects of two visible monochromatic radiations in a three-level system. First, the three-level system is considered at rest and optical pumping to other levels is ignored; in this case, the problem is solved analytically. Following this case, optical pumping effects are taken into account. Finally, one considers a collection of identical three-level systems in a cell, the two light beams traveling either in the same direction or in two opposite directions. In this latter case, the problem is practically identical to the one for a three-level system at rest.

DOI
10.1051/jphys:01975003609078100

Related papers

The Autler-Townes effect in an optical pumping experiment

Helmut Bechtel, D. Fick

Using a laser RF double-resonance technique optical Autler-Townes splitting was observed for 23 Na atoms. Despite the complicated level structure of the optical pumping scheme the main features of the data can be understood in terms of a three-level system. The interpretation of the experiment is useful in the production of highly nuclear-spin-polarised alkali-metal atomic beams by optical pumping.

Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•May 14, 1987•1 citation

The optical autler-townes effect in doppler-broadened three-level systems

Christian Delsart, J. Keller

Some features of the optical Autler-Townes effect as observed in Doppler-broadened three-level systems, including the physical significance of the observed line splitting, the conditions for the observation of the doublet, the doublet separation and the detuning effects, are discussed in this paper. A graphical illustration of the phenomenon, based on a search for on-resonance velocity groups, is proposed which allows a complete qualitative discussion of the effect and shows that the observed doublet is not really a splitting of the resonance as for the atom at rest but rather corresponds to a frequency hole where the laser probe does not see any resonant velocity group. The method is applied to real three-level systems of neon as typical cases. A semi-classical density-matrix calculation is performed numerically and definitely confirms the results of the qualitative graphical discussion ; furthermore it shows that, for many experimental situations, the first order approximation is inadequate. The observation of the Autler-Townes doublet in a new experiment using two dye lasers is reported. The experimental results and that of one of our previous experiments are compared with the theoretical predictions ; the agreement is quite satisfactory.

Journal de physique•Jan 1, 1978•53 citations

The theory of the optical Autler-Townes effect in sodium

W A McClean, S. Swain

Feneuille and Schweighofer (1975) have used a three-level model to discuss the observation of the Autler-Townes effect in a two-step resonance experiment. A numerical investigation is presented in which the effect of the neighbouring non-resonant hyperfine levels is taken into account. Firstly all the levels are treated as non-degenerate, and then degeneracy is allowed for. It is found that both the inclusion of the neighbouring states and allowance for their degeneracy cause a large change in the expected upper-state population, especially at high light intensities. It is concluded that the resonant three-level model is a poor model in this situation.

Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Apr 1, 1977•13 citations

Direct observation of the Autler-Townes effect in the optical range

J. L. Picqué, Jacques Pinard

A two-step optical resonance experiment, which realizes the optical analogue of the Autler-Townes experiment, has been performed on a sodium atomic beam excited by two CW narrow-band dye lasers. An intense laser radiation was locked to a component of the D 2 resonance line while a weak laser radiation probed an upper connected transition. A dynamic Stark splitting of the probe transition was clearly observed for various intensities of the strong resonant radiation.

Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Apr 1, 1976•85 citations

Autler-Townes effect for an atom in a 100% amplitude-modulated laser field. II. Experimental results

Stephanos Papademetriou, Michael F. Van Leeuwen, Carlos R. Stroud

We report the observation of the Autler-Townes absorption spectrum of a two-level atom in a 100% amplitude-modulated optical field. Two frequency-stabilized dye lasers interact with a three-level atomic cascade system. One of the two lasers is used to create the bichromatic field that saturates the lower transition, while the second one is tuned in the frequency between the second and third levels to probe the absorption line shape. We investigate the dependence of the spectrum on the detuning between the average frequency of the bichromatic field and the lower atomic resonance. In order to study the effects of saturation, for every value of the detuning we take a series of data for different intensity levels of the bichromatic field. There is very good agreement between theory and experiment and profound differences from the conventional Autler-Townes results with a monochromatic pump field. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review A•Feb 1, 1996•42 citations

Autler-Townes Effect in a Superconducting Three-Level System

Mika A. Sillanpää, Jian Li, Katarina Cicak +5 more

When a three-level quantum system is irradiated by an intense coupling field resonant with one of the three possible transitions, the absorption peak of an additional probe field involving the remaining level is split. This process is known in quantum optics as the Autler-Townes effect. We observe these phenomena in a superconducting Josephson phase qubit, which can be considered an "artificial atom" with a multilevel quantum structure. The spectroscopy peaks can be explained reasonably well by a simple three-level Hamiltonian model. Simulation of a more complete model (including dissipation, higher levels, and cross coupling) provides excellent agreement with all of the experimental data.

arXiv:0904.2553•Physical Review Letters•Nov 2, 2009•161 citations
The object of this paper is to derive theoretically the conditions for the observation of the Autler-Townes splitting in a two step resonance experiment involving the simultaneous effects of two visible monochromatic radiations in a three-level system. First, the three-level system is considered at rest and optical pumping to other levels is ignored; in this case, the problem is solved analytically. Following this case, optical pumping effects are taken into account. Finally, one considers a collection of identical three-level systems in a cell, the two light beams traveling either in the same direction or in two opposite directions. In this latter case, the problem is practically identical to the one for a three-level system at rest.
Some features of the optical Autler-Townes effect as observed in Doppler-broadened three-level systems, including the physical significance of the observed line splitting, the conditions for the observation of the doublet, the doublet separation and the detuning effects, are discussed in this paper. A graphical illustration of the phenomenon, based on a search for on-resonance velocity groups, is proposed which allows a complete qualitative discussion of the effect and shows that the observed doublet is not really a splitting of the resonance as for the atom at rest but rather corresponds to a frequency hole where the laser probe does not see any resonant velocity group. The method is applied to real three-level systems of neon as typical cases. A semi-classical density-matrix calculation is performed numerically and definitely confirms the results of the qualitative graphical discussion ; furthermore it shows that, for many experimental situations, the first order approximation is inadequate. The observation of the Autler-Townes doublet in a new experiment using two dye lasers is reported. The experimental results and that of one of our previous experiments are compared with the theoretical predictions ; the agreement is quite satisfactory.
Feneuille and Schweighofer (1975) have used a three-level model to discuss the observation of the Autler-Townes effect in a two-step resonance experiment. A numerical investigation is presented in which the effect of the neighbouring non-resonant hyperfine levels is taken into account. Firstly all the levels are treated as non-degenerate, and then degeneracy is allowed for. It is found that both the inclusion of the neighbouring states and allowance for their degeneracy cause a large change in the expected upper-state population, especially at high light intensities. It is concluded that the resonant three-level model is a poor model in this situation.
We report the observation of the Autler-Townes absorption spectrum of a two-level atom in a 100% amplitude-modulated optical field. Two frequency-stabilized dye lasers interact with a three-level atomic cascade system. One of the two lasers is used to create the bichromatic field that saturates the lower transition, while the second one is tuned in the frequency between the second and third levels to probe the absorption line shape. We investigate the dependence of the spectrum on the detuning between the average frequency of the bichromatic field and the lower atomic resonance. In order to study the effects of saturation, for every value of the detuning we take a series of data for different intensity levels of the bichromatic field. There is very good agreement between theory and experiment and profound differences from the conventional Autler-Townes results with a monochromatic pump field. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
When a three-level quantum system is irradiated by an intense coupling field resonant with one of the three possible transitions, the absorption peak of an additional probe field involving the remaining level is split. This process is known in quantum optics as the Autler-Townes effect. We observe these phenomena in a superconducting Josephson phase qubit, which can be considered an "artificial atom" with a multilevel quantum structure. The spectroscopy peaks can be explained reasonably well by a simple three-level Hamiltonian model. Simulation of a more complete model (including dissipation, higher levels, and cross coupling) provides excellent agreement with all of the experimental data.