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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Storing light with microresonator arrays or active microresonator chains

Yannick Dumeige, Stéphane Trebaol, Patrice Féron

Published Feb 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically analyze the light-storing process in optical microresonator arrays. We propose a passive and an active schemes to strongly slow light. The two mechanisms rely on microresonator chains whose high order dispersion is optimized. The unit cell of the systems is a short sequence of two or four resonators. In the passive process we show that the cancellation of the third order of dispersion allows the propagation of short pulses with no significant distortion in a microresonator array. The second process needs the use of active microresonators whose loss and gain are dynamically tuned. The structure is made of only four resonators and is optimized to avoid pulse distortion as it is the case in the passive scheme. The loss and gain modulations allow the resonant structure to be isolated from the access waveguide and optical pulse to be stored.

DOI
10.1117/12.848656

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We theoretically analyze the light-storing process in optical microresonator arrays. We propose a passive and an active schemes to strongly slow light. The two mechanisms rely on microresonator chains whose high order dispersion is optimized. The unit cell of the systems is a short sequence of two or four resonators. In the passive process we show that the cancellation of the third order of dispersion allows the propagation of short pulses with no significant distortion in a microresonator array. The second process needs the use of active microresonators whose loss and gain are dynamically tuned. The structure is made of only four resonators and is optimized to avoid pulse distortion as it is the case in the passive scheme. The loss and gain modulations allow the resonant structure to be isolated from the access waveguide and optical pulse to be stored.
We theoretically propose a light-stopping process that uses loss and gain dynamical tuning in short coupled-resonator delay lines. The structure is made of four resonators and is optimized to avoid pulse distortion in the passive regime. The loss and gain modulations allow the resonant structure to be isolated from the access waveguide and the pulse to be stored. We demonstrate via numerical simulations the pulse storing process and show that this active delay line also induces nonlinear effects leading to pulse compression. This last property could be useful for pulse dispersion tailoring.
Dynamic tuning of systems of microresonators coupled to waveguides allows a rich range of physical effects. Periodic resonator arrays can be tuned to stop and store light pulses, theoretically allowing for tunable delay devices in which the delay is limited neither by bandwidth nor by dispersion. For two-resonator systems, adjustable delays can be obtained from tuning a narrow transparency resonance. Similar behavior is also predicted in a quite different physical system, that of a single photon interacting with dynamically-tuned quantum bits.
We analyze fast- and slow-light transmission in a zigzag microring resonator chain. In the superluminal case, a new light-transmission effect is found whereby the input optical pulse is reproduced in an almost-simultaneous manner at the various system outputs. When the input carrier is tuned to a different frequency, the system permits to slow down the propagating optical signal. Between these two extreme cases, the relative delay can be tuned within a broad range. We propose, and analyze numerically, a laser-array configuration for the stable operation of active devices.
There is a wide variety of proposals for implementations of slow-light effects, and many of them are described in the various chapters of this book. The physical implementations vary from system to system, and so do the mathematical formalisms used to describe the specific physical systems. However, it is also possible that one has two completely different physical slow-light systems, yet the mathematical framework describing the slowing and stopping of light is very similar. In this chapter, we present an example falling into this category. The two physically different slow-light systems are (1) semiconductor multiple quantum wells (QWs) (more specifically: Bragg-spaced multiple QWs, or BSQWs [1-16]) and (2) optical resonators (more specifically: side-coupled integrated spaced sequence of resonators with two waveguide channels, or two-channel SCISSORs [17,18]). In Figure 13.1, BSQWs are schematically shown as a sequence of thin semiconductor QWs, spaced by a distance a with a dielectric of refractive index nb between the wells. SCISSORs are sequences of ring-shaped dielectric optical microresonators coupled to two waveguides (Figure 13.2). Clearly, these are very different physical systems, and so onemay wonder in which sense slow-light concepts (i.e., the concepts for delaying, stopping, storing, and releasing light) can be similar or almost identical in these systems. The answer to this question lies in the fact that both systems can be viewed as physical realizations of one-dimensional resonant photonic bandgap structures (RPBGs). RPBGs differ from conventional (nonresonant) photonic bandgap structures in that each unit cell in the photonic lattice exhibits an optical resonance with a resonance frequency that is identical or at least close to the Bragg frequency characterizing the optical lattice. In QWs, the optical resonance is taken to be the heavy-hole exciton resonance, while in SCISSORs we take one of the optical resonances of the microrings.