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Slow and Fast Light (SL)

Slow Light and Its Control in Passive and Active Coupled Optical Resonator Waveguides (CROWS)

Amnon Yariv

Published Jan 1, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

CROWs are the prime candidate for obtaining major (orders of magnitude) slowing of light combined with (communication) useful bandwidths.I will discuss the basic theoretical constructs -especially the powerful matrix approach for treating propagation in CROWS as well as the interplay between loss/gain and maximum delay.We will conclude with recent supportive experimental results on slowing of light.

DOI
10.1364/sl.2006.mb1

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CROWs are the prime candidate for obtaining major (orders of magnitude) slowing of light combined with (communication) useful bandwidths.I will discuss the basic theoretical constructs -especially the powerful matrix approach for treating propagation in CROWS as well as the interplay between loss/gain and maximum delay.We will conclude with recent supportive experimental results on slowing of light.
We analyze the transmission of light through coupled-resonator optical waveguides in the form of evanescently coupled Fabry-Perot resonator arrays. We develop a transfer matrix method to calculate the amplitude and phase responses of the arrays. We also discuss the inclusion of optical gain in the system to compensate for losses in these structures. Owing to the compact length along the propagation direction in evanescently coupled arrays, large slowing factors of the order of 102-103 can be achieved even with a weak index contrast of ∼0.1%. The large slowing factor, coupled with weak index contrast, makes this structure a promising candidate for artificial slow light system.
The possibility of dynamically controlling the speed of light can be extremely useful in all the optical applications where a variable delay is needed, such as bit and frame synchronization and optical storage. To this aim, coupled resonator slow-wave structures (SWSs) represent a promising approach to slow down the propagation of optical signals with as large bandwidths as required by optical communication systems. We show that by suitably setting the rings' resonances, SWSs can act efficiently as tunable delay lines, with the overall time delay being continuously adjustable from zero to a maximum value, typically limited by the effects of loss and dispersion. Every ring of the structure can be used as an optical gate and optical pulses can also be trapped and released by the SWS, so as to realize an optical memory or buffer. A time delay of 300 ps and a slowing ratio of 7.5 over a 3.3 GHz bandwidth are experimentally demonstrated in SWSs realized in silicon oxynitride technology
The physical principles behind the phenomenon of slow light in photonic crystal waveguides, as well as their practical limitations, are discussed and put into context. This includes the nature of slow light propagation, its bandwidth limitation, the scaling of linear and nonlinear interactions with the slowdown factor as well as issues such as losses, coupling into and the tuning of slow modes. Applications in all-optical signal processing appear to be the most promising outcome of the phenomena discussed.
In the first paper of our series of articles on photon transmission in the coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW), we used the two time Green function approach to study the physical mechanism for the coherent control by doping two-level atoms. In present paper, we propose and study a hybrid mechanism for photon transmission in the CROW by incorporating the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in the doping artificial atoms and the band structure of the CROW. Here, the configuration setup of system, similar to that in the first paper, consists of a CROW with homogeneous couplings and the artificial atoms with Lambda\\LambdaLambda-type three levels doped in each cavity. Unlike the stimulated Raman process used in the first paper to reduce the three level systems into the two level ones, the roles of three levels are completely considered based on a kind of mean field approach where the collection of three-level atoms collectively behave as two-mode spin waves. Then the total system is reduced into an exactly solvable coupling boson model. We show that the light pulses can be stopped and stored coherently by controlling the classical field.