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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Observation and characterization of87Rb resonances for frequency-locking purpose of a 1.53-μm DFB laser

Marc Breton, Pierre Tremblay, Normand Cyr, Cyril Julien, M. Têtu, Bernard Villeneuve

Published Apr 30, 1993• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the progress of our work on the observation and the characterization of 87Rb vapor resonances in order to frequency-lock a 1529 nm DFB semiconductor laser. We present energy levels diagrams corresponding to the 5P3/2 yields 4D5/2 and 4D3/2 transitions of rubidium atoms, respectively at 1529.4 and 1529.3 nm (196.02 and 196.04 THz). Basic emission characteristics of our DFB laser are also given. We then show the absorption profiles of a probe laser emitting around 1529 nm while the 87Rb vapor is optically pumped at 780.2 nm (D2 line at 384.2 THz) using a 30 mW AlGaAs laser. We finally present, for this experiment, the dependence of the probe laser absorption resonance depth and linewidth on the pump power.

DOI
10.1117/12.143667

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Oct 8, 2010•3 citations
We report the progress of our work on the observation and the characterization of 87Rb vapor resonances in order to frequency-lock a 1529 nm DFB semiconductor laser. We present energy levels diagrams corresponding to the 5P3/2 yields 4D5/2 and 4D3/2 transitions of rubidium atoms, respectively at 1529.4 and 1529.3 nm (196.02 and 196.04 THz). Basic emission characteristics of our DFB laser are also given. We then show the absorption profiles of a probe laser emitting around 1529 nm while the 87Rb vapor is optically pumped at 780.2 nm (D2 line at 384.2 THz) using a 30 mW AlGaAs laser. We finally present, for this experiment, the dependence of the probe laser absorption resonance depth and linewidth on the pump power.
Distributed feedback (DFB) laser chips have recently become available at wavelengths that match the D1 and D2 resonance transitions of alkaline atoms. We investigated the spectral properties, tuning characteristics and modulation behavior of continuous wave, single-mode DFB diodes at 778-780 nm and performed high-resolution spectroscopy of Rubidium vapor. The mode-hop free tuning range of the DFB diodes was as large as 2.4 nm (1186 GHz). The line width of the laser diodes was examined both with a heterodyne beat experiment and with high-resolution Doppler-free two photon spectroscopy, yielding a half width of 2-2.5 MHz. The saturation spectra of the D2-line of 85Rb and 87Rb were recorded with a resolution close to the natural line width. The emission frequency was actively stabilized to Doppler-free transitions with a relative accuracy of better than 4 parts in 109 using commercially available servo devices only. The output power of 80 mW was sufficient to allow for two photon spectroscopy of the 5S-5D-transition of 87Rb. We conclude that the performance of the DFB laser equals that of grating-stabilized external-cavity diode lasers (ECDLs), without the mechanical complexity of the latter systems. The DFB diode is thus well-suited to high-resolution applications in alkaline spectroscopy, including laser cooling and optical manipulation of ultra-cold atoms.
We demonstrate the spectra of 87Rb 5S1/2-5P3/2-4D3/2(4D5/2) transitions by utilizing the double-resonance optical-pumping(DROP) and optical-optical double-resonance(OODR) techniques,respectively.The DROP spectrum,compared with the traditional OODR spectrum,shows a much better signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and narrower linewidth.When frequency of 1 529 nm external-cavity diode laser is stabilized to the DROP spectrum of 87Rb 5P3/2(F′=3)-4D3/2(F″=3) transition,the preliminary result of residual frequency jitter after being locked is～0.65 MHz within 300 s.This result is clearly much better than that in case of frequency stabilized by using OODR scheme(～1.8 MHz within 300 s).
We present our recently experimental results on a DFB laser diode pumped Rubidium atomic frequency standard. Our experiment was based on a homemade lamp-pumped Rubidium frequency standard with the discharge lamp assembly removed. In the experiment, we first locked a DFB laser diode to the87Rb cycling transition (5S1/2, F=2→5P3/2, F=3) by means of saturation absorption locking technique. After that, we optimized the parameters carefully related to the clock performance, such as temperature of the physical package, amplitude of the modulation signal for the laser locking. The preliminary short-term stability of our clock is measured 5.25×10−12τ−1/2(1s<τ<100s).
We have developed frequency standards at 192.6 THz (1556.2 nm) based on the two-photon transitions in rubidium at 385.2 THz (778.1 nm). These standards use a high power DFB laser at 1556.2 nm and second harmonic generation (SHG) in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal. The linewidth of the DFB is reduced to the kHz level using optical feedback from a confocal cavity. The SH light is used to injection-lock a 778.1 nm laser diode which allows to observe and lock the 1556.2 nm laser to the (5S/sub 1/2/,F/sub g/=2-5D/sub 5/2/,F/sub e/=4) two-photon transition /sup 87/Rb. Allan variance measurements between identical standards show a beat stability 2.5/spl times/10/sup -13///spl tau//sup 1/2/ for observation times between 100 ms and 10 s and a level of 5.8/spl times/10/sup -14/ for 100 s is obtained. These standards have been moved recently to the National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada in order to measure their absolute frequency.
We demonstrate the spectra of 87Rb 5S1/2 - 5P3/2 - 4D3/2 transitions by utilizing the double-resonance optical-pumping (DROP) and optical-optical double-resonance (OODR) techniques, respectively. The DROP spectrum, compared with the traditional OODR spectrum, show a much better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Paying special attention to the influence of alignment of lasers where the coupling and probe beams are counter-propagation and co-propagation on DROP spectrum, so as to further narrow the spectral width by means of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). When -the frequency of 1.5μm fiber-pigtailed butterfly-type distributed-feedback (DFB) diode laser is stabilized to the DROP spectrum of 87Rb 5P3/2 - 4D3/2 transition, the preliminary result of residual frequency jitter after stabilization is ~ ±1.3 MHz within 60 s.