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Optics Communications

Four-wave mixing: Photon statistics and the impact on a co-propagating quantum signal

Álvaro J. Almeida, Nuno A. Silva, Paulo Sérgio de Brito André, Armando N. Pinto

Published Feb 21, 2012• 10 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optcom.2012.02.008

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We present an experimental characterization of the evolution of the photon statistics of a quantum signal, in a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) environment. We use an on/off avalanche photodetector operating in the Geiger mode to measure the photon counts, and the maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) method and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to reconstruct the photon statistics. We found that the statistics of the quantum signal changes from Poissonian to thermal when it contains only a few photons per pulse. When the quantum signal carries a higher number of photons per pulse, it is verified that its statistics remains Poissonian.
We study the co-existence of multi-wave mixing processes in an open five-level atomic system affected by strong coupling fields. Competition among four-wave mixing （FWM） with two dressing fields, the six-wave mixing （SWM） with one dressing field as well as the eight-wave mixing （EWM） propagating along the same direction can be evoked by adjusting laser beams because these multi-wave mixing signals are induced by atomic coherence between common levels. With the dressing fields properly controlled, the FWM and SWM signals can be suppressed while the EWM signals enhanced in the beam. We also amply analyze the difference between the parallel-cascade and sequentical-cascade doubly dressing mechanisms in doubly-dressed four-wave mixing （DDFWM） processes.