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The Rochester Conferences on Coherence and Quantum Optics and the Quantum Information and Measurement meeting

Toward Single-Cycle Biphotons

Stephen E. Harris, Steven Sensarn

Published Jan 1, 2007• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The paper describes a technique for the spontaneous generation of chirped biphotons and for the compression of these photons to transform limited biphotons. At maximum bandwidth the biphoton is a single-cycle in length and has the waveform of a classical single-cycle pulse. Without compression, chirped biphotons still exhibit a Hong- Ou-Mandel dip with a width approximately equal to the inverse spectral width of the biphoton.

DOI
10.1364/cqo.2007.cmd1

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The paper describes a technique for the spontaneous generation of chirped biphotons and for the compression of these photons to transform limited biphotons. At maximum bandwidth the biphoton is a single-cycle in length and has the waveform of a classical single-cycle pulse. Without compression, chirped biphotons still exhibit a Hong- Ou-Mandel dip with a width approximately equal to the inverse spectral width of the biphoton.
The generation of biphoton wave packets with a broad spectrum owing to quasi-phase-matched spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a crystal with an aperiodic poling has been considered. Biphotons at the exit of such a sample are not Fourier limited; i.e., their correlation time is much larger than the inverse width of the spectrum. It has been shown that if the inverse grating vector varies linearly along the sample length, the generated biphoton wave packets can be compressed in time by transmitting two-photon light through an optical fiber.
Generation of two-photon light with given spectral and temporal properties is of great interest for quantum communication and quantum metrology applications. In particular, preparation of biphotons with ultra-narrow correlation time is a very important task. In a recent series of papers, our group analyzed the generation of twophoton wavepackets, produced by Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion, in crystals with linearly chirped quasi-phase matching grating. Wavepackets present very broad spectra but a broad spectrum does not necessarily imply small correlation times, although the inverse is true. Indeed, the spectrum broadening induced by the grating is inhomogeneous; for this reason, the two-photon spectral amplitude present a phase (a frequency chirp) that depend nonlinearly on the frequency. Hence, the two-photon wavepackets are not Fourier transform-limited. As suggested in, the ideal way to make the wavepacket perfectly transform limited is to insert in the path of the biphotons a proper optical medium that compensates the non-linear part of the phase factor present in the spectral amplitude. In our work, we investigate the non-local temporal compression of the photons induced by the insertion of a standard optical fibre in the path of one of the two photons. We present and discuss a systematic study of this phenomenon and some optimal situation where the full numerical calculation shows an effect that can be clearly observed with a realistic set-up. The study has open the way to the practical realization of this idea.