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Physical Review A

Coherent population trapping in Rb87 atoms induced by the optical frequency comb excitation

Damir Aumiler

Published Nov 8, 2010• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The excitation of room-temperature four-level $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms by a train of ultrashort pulses is investigated theoretically in the conditions when the pulse repetition period is shorter than the characteristic atomic relaxation times. It is shown that coherent accumulation of excitation leads to coherent population trapping and electromagnetically induced transparency of the excitation pulses when the pulse repetition rate is a subharmonic of the ground-state hyperfine splitting. It is illustrated how the judicious choice for the frequency comb parameters can provide a means to effectively control the degree of coherence between the ground-state hyperfine levels for selective atomic groups, and even transfer the whole atomic distribution to the dark state with up to $95%$ efficiency.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.82.055402

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ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations
The excitation of room-temperature four-level 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms by a train of ultrashort pulses is investigated theoretically in the conditions when the pulse repetition period is shorter than the characteristic atomic relaxation times. It is shown that coherent accumulation of excitation leads to coherent population trapping and electromagnetically induced transparency of the excitation pulses when the pulse repetition rate is a subharmonic of the ground-state hyperfine splitting. It is illustrated how the judicious choice for the frequency comb parameters can provide a means to effectively control the degree of coherence between the ground-state hyperfine levels for selective atomic groups, and even transfer the whole atomic distribution to the dark state with up to 9595%95 efficiency.
It was shown by Kocharovskaya and Khanin [Sov. Phys. JETP 63, 945 (1986)] that a comb of optical pulses can induce a ground-state atomic coherence and change the optical response of an atomic medium. In our experiment, we studied the propagation of a comb of optical pulses produced by a mode-locked diode laser in rubidium atomic vapor. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) was observed when the pulse repetition rate is a subharmonic of the hyperfine splitting of the ground state. The width of the EIT resonance is determined by the relaxation rate of the ground-state coherence. Possible applications to magnetometery, atomic clocks, and frequency chains are discussed.
We present the experimental and theoretical study of the resonant excitation of rubidium and cesium atoms with fs pulse train in the conditions when the pulse repetition period is shorter than the atomic relaxation time. Velocity selective optical pumping of the ground state hyperfine levels and velocity comb‐like excited state hyperfine level populations is demonstrated. Both effects are a direct consequence of the fs pulse train excitation considered in the frequency domain. A simple experimental apparatus was employed to develop a modified direct frequency comb spectroscopy which uses a fixed frequency comb for the 85,87Rb 5s 2S1/2 → 5s 2P1/2,3/2 and 133Cs 6s 2S1/2 → 6p 2P1/2,3/2 excitation, and a weak cw scanning probe laser at 780 and 852 nm for Rb and Cs ground levels population monitoring.
We investigate the time dynamics of a four-level rubidium atomic system excited by a train of $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulses. Resonant $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulse shaping is achieved by propagation of weak femtosecond pulses through rubidium vapor and characterized using frequency-resolved optical gating and within the linear dispersion theory. The excitation of the Rb atoms by $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulse train is studied experimentally by modified direct frequency comb spectroscopy and theoretically within the density-matrix approach. We show that accumulation of populations and coherences, as typical pulse train excitation effects, strongly depend on the strength of the resonant $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulse shaping. Stronger pulse shaping reduces the coherent accumulation effects, eventually leading to the disappearance of the velocity selective optical pumping observed in the frequency domain.
We demonstrate coherent storage and retrieval of pulsed light using the atomic frequency comb protocol in a room temperature alkali vapor. We utilize velocity-selective optical pumping to prepare multiple velocity classes in the F = 4 hyperfine ground state of cesium. The frequency spacing of the classes is chosen to coincide with the F ′ = 4 − F ′ = 5 hyperfine splitting of the 6 2 P 3 / 2 excited state, resulting in a broadband periodic absorbing structure consisting of two usually Doppler-broadened optical transitions. Weak coherent states of duration 2 n s are mapped into this atomic frequency comb with pre-programmed recall times of 8 n s and 12 n s , with multi-temporal mode storage and recall demonstrated. Utilizing two transitions in the comb leads to an additional interference effect upon rephasing that enhances the recall efficiency.
The poulation transfer and coherent population trapping of a three-level atom interacting with few cycle pulse train are studied.The density matrix equation in interation picture is numerical solved without rotating wave approximation.The research indicates that if a three-level atom interacts with a few cycle pulse train,the population transfer of level and the coherence of ground state will be gradual accumulated.When the repetition frequency of pulses is integer points of the ground-state splitting,the three atom interacts with pulse train can be seen as the atom interacts with two tenoning frequency of the frequency comb.So the system will be in the dark state and reach coherent population trapping.If the parameters of few-cycle pulse are appropriately selected,the coherence of three-level system will evolute into stable value in 0.5 nanosecond.The coherent population trapping in the three-level is generated.Comparing with the pulse that the pulse width is 100 femtoseconds,the build-up time of coherent population trapping by few cycle pulse train is shortened two orders of magnitude.When the ground-state splitting is wided enough and the carrier frequency of pulse is ω=(ω1+ω2)/2,where,are the atomic transition frequency,the doppler frequency shift that is aroused by the movement of atom won't destroy the coherent population trapping of atom.The reason is that all tenoning frequencies of the frequency comb have the same frequency shift,so the condition of coherent population trapping is still meeted.