Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Light Modulation Experiment of Xe Atoms with Laser Light. II. Experimental Results

Tadao Mochizuki, Kōichi Shimoda

Published Aug 1, 1978• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this experiment Xe atoms are pumped to the excited states with an r.f. discharge and irradiated by the 3.99 µm Xe laser on the 5d[1/2] 0 0 →6p[1/2] 1 transition. Fluorescent light from the 6p[1/2] 1 level is observed to be modulated when the atoms are subjected to a low-frequency rotating field in perpendicular to the static field. The natural lifetime of the 6p[1/2] 1 level is obtained to be 56±3 ns. The 3.50 µm laser on the 5d[7/2] 0 3 →6p[5/2] 2 transition is also used. The light modulation signal of the fluorescence from the 6p[5/2] 2 level as a fuction of the magnetic field is a superposition of resonance curves of two different widths. The narrow component is a manifestation of atomic coherence of the 5d[7/2] 0 3 level which is transferred to the 6p[5/2] 2 level. The natural lifetime of the 5d[7/2] 0 3 level is obtained as 73±9 ns from the study of the 6p[5/2] 2 level.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.45.595

Related papers

Light Modulation Experiment of Xe Atoms with Laser Light. I. Theoretical Analysis

Tadao Mochizuki, Kōichi Shimoda

A dynamic equation of atoms irradiated by a laser light in a magnetic field is applied to the light modulation experiment of atoms, whose excited states are not optically connected with the ground state. The resonance for the fluorescent light as a function of magnetic field is derived. The resonance curve for the fluorescent light from the lower level is found to be a superposition of resonance curves of two different widths. The broad component is a manifestation of the atomic coherence of the lower level. The narrow component is attributed to the atomic coherence of the upper level which is transferred to the lower level by spontaneous emission. The decay rate of the upper level is included in the expression of the resonance curve for the fluorescent light from the lower level.

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan•Aug 1, 1978•2 citations

Theory of modulation of light in a double resonance experiment

John N. Dodd, George William Series

Abstract A theory is formulated to describe the modulation which has been observed in fluorescent light from atoms subjected simultaneously to optical and radio-frequency radiation. The optical field stimulates one or more of a set of excited states of the atom, between which the radio-frequency field establishes coherence. This coherence is manifest in the fluorescent radiation. Interference between radiations of different frequency leads to modulation. General expressions are given for the intensity of the fluorescent light as a function of time. The Zeeman structure of the transition (63P1 — 6 1S0), A2537 A, in mercury is studied in detail. Modulation at frequencies, 1, 2, 3 and 4 times that of the radio-frequency field, w0, is predicted, and resonant effects at static magnetic fields, 0, 1/2, 1, 3/2, 2 and 3 times H0, the field for which w0 is the Larm or frequency. Resonances at fields other than H0 are due to excitation with light of mixed polarization. Most of the predicted effects have been found experimentally. A ‘frequency diagram’ is introduced and discussed, to represent the combined effects of static and radio-frequency magnetic fields. To each excited state belong a set of r frequencies, where r is the number of states linked by the radio-frequency perturbation. The 9 levels are drawn, as functions of H, for the states mJ = 0, ± 1, of 3P1. The resonances at fields other than H0 may be associated with intersections of frequency levels belonging to different mJ.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical Sciences•Sep 19, 1961•106 citations

Lifetime of the XeII6p4P5/20level using the fast-beam-laser method

R. E. Silverans, G. Borghs, Peter De Bisschop +2 more

The lifetime of the Xe II 5p 4 6p 4 P 5/2 0 level is measured by selective laser excitation of a fast beam of metastable 5p 4 5d 4 D 7/2 xenon ions and observations of the fluorescent light intensity as a function of flight time. Comparison of the obtained mean lifetime tau =7.53+or-0.15 ns with earlier measurements confirms the results of the photon-photon delayed-coincidence technique.

Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Jan 28, 1981•10 citations

Further studies of modulated light in a double resonance experiment

B P Kibble, George William Series

Abstract This is an investigation, at low frequencies, of the modulation of fluorescent light which has already been found a t higher frequencies in a double resonance experiment. In the earlier work, in which the frequency of magnetic resonance was of order 10 Mc/s, the Zeeman levels of the excited atom s were well separated compared with their natural width (1 M c/s): in the present work they are completely unresolved at the centre of the magnetic resonance, which is studied a t 1 kc/s. The principal resonance phenomena are observed as before under the new conditions: they are centred on a field near to zero, while their width is greater than 1G. New resonance phenomena are also studied, which do not appear when the resonance frequency is greater than the natural width of the levels. A theory, previously published, is applied to predict the form of the new resonance curves. An identical result is predicted by the use of a classical model.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical Sciences•Jul 23, 1963•15 citations

Rotating Polarization-Induced Resonance in Atoms and Molecules

Olivier Émile, Fabien Bretenaker, A. Le Floch

The existence of a novel resonance in the modulation of the fluorescence light emitted by an atom or a molecule when coherently excited by a rapidly rotating linearly polarized light beam is predicted. Such resonances are experimentally observed due to a transfer of coherence from light to atoms or molecules, via either stimulated emission or absorption of light, without having to shift the positions of the levels by an external perturbation. These resonances directly permit the measurement of energy level lifetimes, even in the case where usual magnetic resonance methods would require the use of large magnetic fields.

Physical Review Letters•Sep 4, 1995•6 citations

Theory of frequency and polarization modulation in resonance fluorescence

George William Series

A treatment of resonance fluorescence is given in which the properties of the incident and scattered light are expressed in terms of coherency matrices. Calculations are made for two successive scattering processes corresponding to the experiments described in an accompanying paper. For the first process the scattering atoms are subjected to a magnetic field consisting of parallel static and oscillating components. The fluorescent light is frequency-modulated and may also be polarization-modulated. This light excites fluorescence in a second cell in which the atoms are subjected to a static magnetic field. The equations show under what conditions the second fluorescence is intensity-modulated and describe the resonances in the amplitude of modulation which occur when the modulation frequency matches a Zeeman interval of the excited atoms.

Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Jan 1, 1970•10 citations
In this experiment Xe atoms are pumped to the excited states with an r.f. discharge and irradiated by the 3.99 µm Xe laser on the 5d[1/2] 0 0 →6p[1/2] 1 transition. Fluorescent light from the 6p[1/2] 1 level is observed to be modulated when the atoms are subjected to a low-frequency rotating field in perpendicular to the static field. The natural lifetime of the 6p[1/2] 1 level is obtained to be 56±3 ns. The 3.50 µm laser on the 5d[7/2] 0 3 →6p[5/2] 2 transition is also used. The light modulation signal of the fluorescence from the 6p[5/2] 2 level as a fuction of the magnetic field is a superposition of resonance curves of two different widths. The narrow component is a manifestation of atomic coherence of the 5d[7/2] 0 3 level which is transferred to the 6p[5/2] 2 level. The natural lifetime of the 5d[7/2] 0 3 level is obtained as 73±9 ns from the study of the 6p[5/2] 2 level.
A dynamic equation of atoms irradiated by a laser light in a magnetic field is applied to the light modulation experiment of atoms, whose excited states are not optically connected with the ground state. The resonance for the fluorescent light as a function of magnetic field is derived. The resonance curve for the fluorescent light from the lower level is found to be a superposition of resonance curves of two different widths. The broad component is a manifestation of the atomic coherence of the lower level. The narrow component is attributed to the atomic coherence of the upper level which is transferred to the lower level by spontaneous emission. The decay rate of the upper level is included in the expression of the resonance curve for the fluorescent light from the lower level.
Abstract A theory is formulated to describe the modulation which has been observed in fluorescent light from atoms subjected simultaneously to optical and radio-frequency radiation. The optical field stimulates one or more of a set of excited states of the atom, between which the radio-frequency field establishes coherence. This coherence is manifest in the fluorescent radiation. Interference between radiations of different frequency leads to modulation. General expressions are given for the intensity of the fluorescent light as a function of time. The Zeeman structure of the transition (63P1 — 6 1S0), A2537 A, in mercury is studied in detail. Modulation at frequencies, 1, 2, 3 and 4 times that of the radio-frequency field, w0, is predicted, and resonant effects at static magnetic fields, 0, 1/2, 1, 3/2, 2 and 3 times H0, the field for which w0 is the Larm or frequency. Resonances at fields other than H0 are due to excitation with light of mixed polarization. Most of the predicted effects have been found experimentally. A ‘frequency diagram’ is introduced and discussed, to represent the combined effects of static and radio-frequency magnetic fields. To each excited state belong a set of r frequencies, where r is the number of states linked by the radio-frequency perturbation. The 9 levels are drawn, as functions of H, for the states mJ = 0, ± 1, of 3P1. The resonances at fields other than H0 may be associated with intersections of frequency levels belonging to different mJ.
Abstract This is an investigation, at low frequencies, of the modulation of fluorescent light which has already been found a t higher frequencies in a double resonance experiment. In the earlier work, in which the frequency of magnetic resonance was of order 10 Mc/s, the Zeeman levels of the excited atom s were well separated compared with their natural width (1 M c/s): in the present work they are completely unresolved at the centre of the magnetic resonance, which is studied a t 1 kc/s. The principal resonance phenomena are observed as before under the new conditions: they are centred on a field near to zero, while their width is greater than 1G. New resonance phenomena are also studied, which do not appear when the resonance frequency is greater than the natural width of the levels. A theory, previously published, is applied to predict the form of the new resonance curves. An identical result is predicted by the use of a classical model.
The existence of a novel resonance in the modulation of the fluorescence light emitted by an atom or a molecule when coherently excited by a rapidly rotating linearly polarized light beam is predicted. Such resonances are experimentally observed due to a transfer of coherence from light to atoms or molecules, via either stimulated emission or absorption of light, without having to shift the positions of the levels by an external perturbation. These resonances directly permit the measurement of energy level lifetimes, even in the case where usual magnetic resonance methods would require the use of large magnetic fields.
A treatment of resonance fluorescence is given in which the properties of the incident and scattered light are expressed in terms of coherency matrices. Calculations are made for two successive scattering processes corresponding to the experiments described in an accompanying paper. For the first process the scattering atoms are subjected to a magnetic field consisting of parallel static and oscillating components. The fluorescent light is frequency-modulated and may also be polarization-modulated. This light excites fluorescence in a second cell in which the atoms are subjected to a static magnetic field. The equations show under what conditions the second fluorescence is intensity-modulated and describe the resonances in the amplitude of modulation which occur when the modulation frequency matches a Zeeman interval of the excited atoms.