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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Observation of superradiance in Rb vapour

J Marek

Published Apr 14, 1979• 40 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using laser excitation of the 6 2 P levels in the natural isotopic mixture of Rb atoms, modulation of superradiance intensity from some transitions to the lower levels was observed. On the transition 6 2 P 1/2 -6 2 S 1/2 this effect is interpreted as a quantum beat between the hyperfine-structure transitions of the Rb 85 and Rb 87 isotopes. A nearly 'single-pulse' superradiant signal was obtained on the 6 2 P-4 2 D transitions. When a magnetic field was applied transverse to the direction of the laser beam, the pulses obtained showed the properties forecast by two-level superradiance theory. Preliminary results are reported.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/12/7/003

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The resonant magneto-optic spectra of the Rb D2 transition in the Voigt configuration was measured by using a tunable, narrow-band, single-mode GaAlAs diode laser. The elliptically polarized laser beam with a small ellipticity Δα was incident upon Rb vapor in a transverse magnetic field of 0.75 T. The polarization change caused by magnetically induced optical anisotropy was analyzed with a birefringent prism placed behind the sample with a small offset angle Δθ from the perfectly crossed direction. The Voigt-effect signal had a Zeeman splitting of 50 GHz. The spectral intensity distribution of the signal, determined by the interference between the hyperfine components of 85Rb and 87Rb, was dependent on Δα, Δθ, and the number density of atoms. The theoretical prediction1 for the Voigt-effect line profiles for various Δα and Δθ agreed with the experimental result. The minimum detectable density of Rb atoms was limited by statistical fluctuations of photon counts.

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations
Using laser excitation of the 6 2 P levels in the natural isotopic mixture of Rb atoms, modulation of superradiance intensity from some transitions to the lower levels was observed. On the transition 6 2 P 1/2 -6 2 S 1/2 this effect is interpreted as a quantum beat between the hyperfine-structure transitions of the Rb 85 and Rb 87 isotopes. A nearly 'single-pulse' superradiant signal was obtained on the 6 2 P-4 2 D transitions. When a magnetic field was applied transverse to the direction of the laser beam, the pulses obtained showed the properties forecast by two-level superradiance theory. Preliminary results are reported.
Intensity modulations have been observed in the superradiant signals on the 4 2 P 1/2 -4 2 S 1/2 transitions obtained by pulsed dye laser beam excitation of the 4 2 P 1/2 level in Na vapour. The modulations were interpreted as beats among the frequencies of the electric dipole transitions resulting from the different HFS levels. The HFS splitting both of the upper and the lower levels must be taken into consideration in explaining the observed signals. Preliminary results of the study are reported, in particular the characteristics of the time development and polarisation of the superradiance.
The splitting of hyperfine sublevels of the 85 Rb atom in strong magnetic fields has been studied by means of the coherent population trapping technique. Narrow resonances with a high signal-to-noise ratio have been detected in a 30-μm-thick spectroscopic cell. The magnetic field in the direction transverse to the laser beams has been created by permanent magnets and has reached 1600 G. Owing to the exclusive narrowness of the cell, the field in it is almost uniform. The break of the coupling between the electronic and nuclear moments, as well as the transition to the Paschen-Back regime in magnetic fields above 600 G, has been observed. The derivatives of the frequency shifts of the observed resonances and their asymptotic values in strong magnetic fields have been determined in terms of the magnetic field strength. The experimental results have been interpreted within a theoretical model based on the known constants of the hyperfine structure of the Rb atom.
Abstract Using a Rb cell and a wavemeter, with a Doppler-free two-photon transition near 993 nm, we have measured the four hyperfine components (two isotopes, Δ F = 0) of the 5S–6S transition, finding the absolute energies of those transitions to a spectral resolution of 0.002 cm −1 = 60 MHz. We find the (87 minus 85) isotope shift of the 5S–6S transition to be +94(12) MHz. Using our single frequency cw laser with focused intensity up to 10 4 W cm −2 at the cell, we find no AC Stark or light shift of the lines at 6 MHz spectral resolution. We find no density shift of the lines at 6 MHz spectral resolution, for a range of Rb atom densities from 3 × 10 11 to 5 × 10 13 atoms/cm 3 .
We measure and simulate numerically the Hanle effect and non-zero field level crossing signals in 85 Rb and 87 Rb atoms in a magnetic field at room temperature. Diode laser radiation from 4 mW cm −2 to 3.3 W cm −2 tuned to the D 2 absorption line of each isotope excites atoms into all the excited-state hyperfine levels simultaneously inside the unresolved Doppler profile. Polarization fluorescence detection is used to observe dark and bright resonances, as well as non-zero field level crossing resonances, for several excitation lines. A broad spectral line excitation model is applied to analyse the measured signals. The non-linear Zeeman effect is included in the model for both ground and excited states. Although the applied magnetic field does not exceed 80 G, several hyperfine levels of the excited state show a substantial deviation from the linear Zeeman effect.
The resonant magneto-optic spectra of the Rb D2 transition in the Voigt configuration was measured by using a tunable, narrow-band, single-mode GaAlAs diode laser. The elliptically polarized laser beam with a small ellipticity Δα was incident upon Rb vapor in a transverse magnetic field of 0.75 T. The polarization change caused by magnetically induced optical anisotropy was analyzed with a birefringent prism placed behind the sample with a small offset angle Δθ from the perfectly crossed direction. The Voigt-effect signal had a Zeeman splitting of 50 GHz. The spectral intensity distribution of the signal, determined by the interference between the hyperfine components of 85Rb and 87Rb, was dependent on Δα, Δθ, and the number density of atoms. The theoretical prediction1 for the Voigt-effect line profiles for various Δα and Δθ agreed with the experimental result. The minimum detectable density of Rb atoms was limited by statistical fluctuations of photon counts.