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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Dynamical Phase Transitions in 3-Dimensional Spin Glasses

Bernard Derrida, Gérard Weisbuch

Published Sep 15, 1987• 170 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the time evolution of the distance between two configurations submitted to the same thermal noise for the 3 d ± J Ising spin glass. We observe three temperature regimes: a high-temperature regime where the distances vanishes in the long-time limit. An intermediate-temperature regime where the distance has a nonzero limit independent of the initial distance. A low-temperature regime where the distance in the long time limit seems to depend upon the initial distance. For the sake of comparison, we have repeated our simulations for the ferromagnetic case.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/4/6/004

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We study the time evolution of the distance between two configurations submitted to the same thermal noise for the 3 d ± J Ising spin glass. We observe three temperature regimes: a high-temperature regime where the distances vanishes in the long-time limit. An intermediate-temperature regime where the distance has a nonzero limit independent of the initial distance. A low-temperature regime where the distance in the long time limit seems to depend upon the initial distance. For the sake of comparison, we have repeated our simulations for the ferromagnetic case.
We study the time evolution of two configurations submitted to the same thermal noise for several two dimensional models (Ising ferromagnet, symmetric spin glass, non symmetric spin glass). For all these models, we find a non zero critical temperature above which the two configurations always meet. Using finite size scaling ideas, we determine for these three models this dynamical phase transition and some of the critical exponents. For the ferromagnet, the transition Tc ≃ 2.25 coincides with the Curie temperature whereas for the two spin glass models ( ± J distribution of bonds) we obtain Tc ≃ 1.5-1.7.
The 2D XY model is studied by Monte Carlo simulations where two configurations subjected to the same thermal noise are compared. The authors observe three temperature regimes: a high-temperature phase where the two configurations meet, an intermediate phase where they do not meet but their distance becomes independent of the initial distance and a low-temperature phase where the distance remembers for very long the initial distance. The two transition temperatures T 1 =1.61+or-0.01 and T 2 =0.95+or-0.05 are estimated by means of finite-size scaling.
I present an analysis of the dynamic behavior of short-range Ising spin glasses observed in stochastic simulations. The time dependence of the order parameter q(t)=〈Sx{S}_{x}Sx​(0)Sx{S}_{x}Sx​(t)〉\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}---which is the same as that of the structure factor---and the time dependence of the related dynamic correlation functions have been recorded with good statistics and very long observation times. The spin-glass model with a symmetric distribution of discrete nearest-neighbor \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J interactions on a simple-cubic lattice was used. Simulations were performed with a special fast computer, allowing for the first-time investigation of the equilibrium dynamics for a wide range of temperatures (0.7\ensuremath{\le}kT/J\ensuremath{\le}5.0) and lattice sizes (83{8}^{3}83, 163{16}^{3}163, 323{32}^{3}323, and 643{64}^{3}643). I have found that the empirical formula q(t)=${\mathrm{ct}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}x}$exp(-\ensuremath{\omega}${t}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}$) with temperature-dependent exponents x(T) and \ensuremath{\beta}(T) describes the decay very well at all temperatures above the spin-glass transition. In the spin-glass phase, only the algebraic decay q(t)=${\mathrm{ct}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}x}$ could be observed, with different temperature dependences of the exponent x(T). The dynamic scaling hypothesis and finite-size scaling explain well the observed temperature and size dependence of the data, and the functional form of the correlation functions is com- patible with the scaling form if corrections to scaling are taken into account. The scaling behavior and the dynamic and static critical exponents found in my simulations are in reasonable agreement with recent experiments performed on insulating spin glasses, showing that despite its simplicity the discrete model of spin glasses analyzed in this work displays behavior similar to that seen in nature.
We use a nonequilibrium Monte Carlo simulation method and dynamical scaling to study the phase transition in three-dimensional Ising spin glasses. The transition point is repeatedly approached at finite velocity v (temperature change versus time) in Monte Carlo simulations starting at a high temperature. This approach has the advantage that the equilibrium limit does not have to be strictly reached for a scaling analysis to yield critical exponents. For the dynamic exponent we obtain z=5.85(9) for bimodal couplings distribution and z=6.00(10) for the Gaussian case. Assuming universal dynamic scaling, we combine the two results and obtain z=5.93±0.07 for generic 3D Ising spin glasses.
By using frustration-preserving hard-spin mean-field theory, we investigated the phase-transition dynamics in the three-dimensional field-free ± J Ising spin-glass model. As the temperature T is decreased from paramagnetic phase at high temperatures, with a rate ω=-dT/dt in time t, the critical temperature depends on the cooling rate through a clear power law ω^{a}. With increasing antiferromagnetic bond fraction p, the exponent a increases for the transition into the ferromagnetic case for p<p_{c} and decreases for the transition into the spin-glass phase for p>p_{c}, signaling the ferromagnetic - spin-glass phase transition at p_{c}≈0.22. The relaxation time is also investigated in the adiabatic case ω=0 and the dynamic exponent zν is found to increase with increasing p.
The temperature and field dependence of spatial correlations and relaxation times are investigated in detail by Monte Carlo simulations for a two-dimensional Ising spin-glass model. There is no transition, but, in zero field, barrier heights and correlation range increase smoothly at low temperatures. This increase does not seem to be fast enough to explain experiments. In a field, barrier heights and the correlation length tend to a finite limit as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. Points in the $h\ensuremath{-}T$ plane with constant relaxation time satisfy $T(h)\ensuremath{-}T(0)\ensuremath{\propto}{h}^{\frac{2}{3}}$ at moderately low temperatures.