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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Single-photon two-qubit entangled states: preparation and measurement

Yoon-Ho Kim

Published Oct 19, 2004• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report an experimental implementation of deterministic preparation and measurement of single-photon two-qubit entangled states, in which the polarization and the spatial modes of a single-photon each represent a quantum bit. It is demonstrated that all four single-photon two-qubit entangled states (Bell states) can be easily prepared and measured deterministically using linear optical elements alone. We also discuss how this scheme can be used for implementing recently proposed single-photon two-qubit quantum cryptography.

DOI
10.1117/12.561343

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We report an experimental implementation of deterministic preparation and measurement of single-photon two-qubit entangled states, in which the polarization and the spatial modes of a single-photon each represent a quantum bit. It is demonstrated that all four single-photon two-qubit entangled states (Bell states) can be easily prepared and measured deterministically using linear optical elements alone. We also discuss how this scheme can be used for implementing recently proposed single-photon two-qubit quantum cryptography.
We implement experimentally a deterministic method to prepare and measure the so-called single-photon two-qubit entangled states or single-photon Bell states, in which the polarization and the spatial modes of a single photon each represent a quantum bit. All four single-photon Bell states can be easily prepared and measured deterministically using linear optical elements alone. We also discuss how this method can be used for the recently proposed single-photon two-qubit quantum cryptography scheme.
A complete and deterministic Bell state measurement was realized by a simple linear optics experimental scheme which adopts two-photon polarization-momentum hyperentanglement. The scheme, which is based on the discrimination among the single photon Bell states of the hyperentangled state, requires the adoption of standard single photon detectors. The four polarization Bell states have been measured with average fidelity $F=0.889\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010$ by using the linear momentum degree of freedom as the ancilla. The feasibility of the scheme has been characterized as a function of the purity of momentum entanglement.
Linear-optical-based quantum information processing has attached much attention since photon is an ideal medium for transmitting quantum information remotely. Until now, there are some important works in quantum state remote preparation, the method for reconstructing quantum state deterministically via linear optics. However, most of the methods are protocols to prepare single-qubit states remotely via linear-optical elements. In this article, we investigate the methods to prepare two-qubit hybrid states remotely. We present a deterministic remote state preparation scheme for an arbitrary two-qubit hybrid state via a hyperentangled Bell state, resorting to linear-optical elements only. The sender rotates the spatial-mode state and polarization state of the hyperentangled photon respectively in accordance with his knowledge of the two-qubit hybrid state, and the receiver can reconstruct the original two-qubit hybrid state by applying appropriate recovery operations. Moreover, we discuss the remote state preparation scheme for the two-qubit hybrid state via partially hyperentangled Bell state.
We propose a scheme to implement a single-mode quantum filter, which selectively eliminates the one-photon state in a quantum state $\ensuremath{\alpha}|0〉+\ensuremath{\beta}|1〉+\ensuremath{\gamma}|2〉.$ The vacuum state and the two-photon state are transmitted without any change. This scheme requires single-photon sources, linear optical elements, and photon detectors. Furthermore, we demonstrate how this filter can be used to realize a two-qubit projective measurement and to generate multiphoton polarization entangled states.