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Quantum Electronics

Coherent population trapping resonances in the presence of the frequency-phase noises of an exciting field

А. В. Соколов, Arthur Matveev, A. Yu. Samokotin, Alexey V. Akimov, Vadim N Sorokin, N. Kolachevsky

Published May 31, 2009• 0 citations
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Abstract

The influence of noises of the frequency and phase difference of an exciting bichromatic field on the parameters of coherent population trapping resonances is studied experimentally. When the phase difference fluctuates within a limited interval near its average value with a short correlation time, the resonance contrast decreases proportionally to exp( 2 rms ), where 2 rms is the phase dispersion (in rad 2 ). In this case, the spectral width of the resonance remains constant. In another limiting case, when the phase noise has a long correlation time, the resonance contour broadens, the area under the contour being invariable. Experiments were performed with the Zeeman sublevels of the ground state of 87 Rb by exciting rubidium vapour in a glass cell at the resonance wavelength of 795 nm.

DOI
10.1070/qe2009v039n05abeh013998

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The influence of noises of the frequency and phase difference of an exciting bichromatic field on the parameters of coherent population trapping resonances is studied experimentally. When the phase difference fluctuates within a limited interval near its average value with a short correlation time, the resonance contrast decreases proportionally to exp( 2 rms ), where 2 rms is the phase dispersion (in rad 2 ). In this case, the spectral width of the resonance remains constant. In another limiting case, when the phase noise has a long correlation time, the resonance contour broadens, the area under the contour being invariable. Experiments were performed with the Zeeman sublevels of the ground state of 87 Rb by exciting rubidium vapour in a glass cell at the resonance wavelength of 795 nm.
We consider the effect of the noise difference phase of a bichromatic field upon coherent population trapping resonances in the simplest three-level system in Λ configuration. The quasi-stationary solution of Bloch optical equations, which was found with some assumptions, shows that the presence of exciting short-correlated fluctuations of the phase of radiation reduces the contrast of the resonance line without affecting its spectral width. For the Gaussian phase noise the contrast suppression factor is χ = exp[−ϕ rms 2 ], where ϕ rms 2 is phase dispersion. The experimental results obtained earlier by our group are analyzed.
In this communication we present our results related to examination of Coherent Population Trapping resonance profile on the D1 line of 87Rb when coupling two ground-state Zeeman sublevels belonging to different hyperfine ground-state levels to a common excited-state one. For this, two coherent laser fields with frequency difference of about 6.8 GHz are used. The resonance is observed as a narrow dip in the fluorescence in dependence on the modulation frequency (fm) of the laser light, centered at 2fm = &Dgr;vhf , where &Dgr;vhf is the frequency difference between the ground-state hyperfine levels of Rb. The resonance observation and its splitting in 7 components have been demonstrated under influence of nonshielded laboratory magnetic field (MF). It has been shown that different components are with different sensitivity to the MF gradients that is in agreement with the performed estimations.
An investigation is reported of coherent resonance in the degenerate two-level system of the (Fg = 2 --> Fe = 1) transition of the 87Rb D1 line by means of a Hanle effect configuration. In a coherent population trapping experiment, a very narrow (approximately 1-kHz) resonance superimposed upon a broader resonance (approximately 100 kHz) was observed. The dependence of the width and the amplitude of the coherent resonance on the laser power density, on additional constant magnetic fields, on the laser frequency position along the fluorescence profile, and on Rb cells with different dimensions was investigated.
Resonances of coherent population trapping were detected in atomic vapours of the rare-earth element samarium. The coherent population trapping was produced by two external-cavity diode lasers (672 and 686 nm) in a Λ-system formed by the three levels of 154 Sm: the 4 f 6 6 s 2 ( 7 F 0 ) ground state, the first fine-structure 4 f 6 6 s 2 ( 7 F 1 ) sublevel of the ground state and the 4 f 6 ( 7 F )6 s 6 p ( 3 P o ) 9 F o 1 upper level. The dependence of the spectral shapes and resonance contrasts on the polarisation of the laser beams and the direction of the applied magnetic field was studied. The obtained results were analysed.
We present the results of an experimental study of Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) in potassium, obtained by means of modulation of laser light amplitude with kHz frequency. The radiation from an external cavity diode laser, matching the D1 line of K, is modulated by an acousto-optical modulator. In the cell containing buffer gas, the CPT resonance width is reduced more than three orders of magnitude as compared to the cell containing pure potassium vapor. In K this resonance narrowing occurs with high resonance contrast; such behavior is not observed in buffered cells containing Rb or Cs, where the optical pumping to the non-interacting with the light ground level is very effective and depletes the population of the working ground Zeeman sublevels. The narrow CPT resonance of reduced fluorescence transforms to the one of enhanced fluorescence with the cell temperature rising. The transformed resonance exhibits higher contrast and lower width than those of the reduced fluorescence resonance. Hence, beside its scientific importance the resonance sign reversal can be used for the improvement of the CPT resonance parameters.