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Optics Letters

Evidence for laser cooling in a magnesium atomic beam

N. Beverini, S. De Pascalis, E. Maccioni, D. Pereira, F. Strumia, G. Vissani, Yuji Wang, C. Noverot

Published Apr 1, 1989• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Laser cooling in a Mg atomic beam is reported for the first time to our knowledge. Previous cooling experiments were performed by using visible or infrared lasers. The Mg atoms were cooled by using an intracavity frequency-doubled dye laser at 285 nm to reach the resonant (1)S(0)-(1)P(1) transition. Evidence of laser cooling was obtained even with the limited available laser power ( approximately 1-2 mW).

DOI
10.1364/ol.14.000350

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•Jan 1, 2004•27 citations
Laser cooling in a Mg atomic beam is reported for the first time to our knowledge. Previous cooling experiments were performed by using visible or infrared lasers. The Mg atoms were cooled by using an intracavity frequency-doubled dye laser at 285 nm to reach the resonant (1)S(0)-(1)P(1) transition. Evidence of laser cooling was obtained even with the limited available laser power ( approximately 1-2 mW).
We developed a laser system at 457 nm based on a CW ring Ti:Sap laser and an enhanced cavity SHG in LBO and KN crystals with linewidth < 30 KHz for interferometry experiments with Mg atomic beams. For laser cooling and deflection of a Mg beam, a laser system at 285 nm based on a ring R6G CW dye laser and SHG in BBO nonlinear crystal has been realized. The results of Mg interferometry experiments in four-beam Borde' geometry and the results of Zeeman cooling experiments in a transverse magnetic field are presented. Zero order interference fringes corresponding to the recoil doublet with the resolution of approximately 30 KHz were detected. A Mg beam with a flux of approximately 1011 atoms/s, the mean velocity of approximately 200 m/s, and the width of velocity distribution of approximately 50 m/s (FWHM) have been obtained.
We report on a reliable laser system for cooling magnesium atoms in the metastable 3P manifold. The three relevant transitions coupling the 3P to the 3D manifold are near 383 nm and seperated by several hundred GHz. The laser system consists of three diode lasers at 766 nm. All lasers are frequency stabilised to a single pre-stabilised transfer cavity. The applied scheme for frequency control greatly reduces the complexity of operating three lasers combined with resonant frequency doubling stages and provides a high reliability necessary for complex atomic physics experiments.
Magnesium atoms are cooled in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) using the 3s(2 1)S(0) --> 3s3p P-1(1) resonance transition. Magnesium is a simple atom which offers a unique possibility for comparison to the Doppler theory of laser cooling. We measure trap parameters as a function of laser-intensity, -detuning and magnetic field gradient. We find the main features well accounted for by Doppler theory, but temperature measurements gave significant higher values than predicted by the Doppler theory. We also observe radiation pressure effects within the MOT that limit the maximum achievable density. Comparing our results to predictions by models in the literature shows a good agreement. Recently we have improved our set-up and now trap about 150 x 10(6) atoms.