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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Optical pumping and laser cooling of magnesium atomic beam in metastable states

Weiquan Cai, N. Beverini, S. Del Tredici, João Victor Boechat Gomide, E. Maccioni, ANTONINO MESSINA, F. Strumia

Published Oct 28, 1992• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Here we report some initial results in the study of optical pumping and laser cooling of metastable Mg atomic beam. Eighty-five percent of optical pumping efficiency and laser cooling effect have been observed. We have successfully used frequency doubled diode laser in the experiments as a velocity analysis light source because diode laser is important for making a practical magnesium frequency standard.

DOI
10.1117/12.130414

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Here we report some initial results in the study of optical pumping and laser cooling of metastable Mg atomic beam. Eighty-five percent of optical pumping efficiency and laser cooling effect have been observed. We have successfully used frequency doubled diode laser in the experiments as a velocity analysis light source because diode laser is important for making a practical magnesium frequency standard.
Theoretical analysis of sub-Doppler laser cooling of 24Mg atoms using 33 P2 → 33 D3 transition in the field of two counterpropagating light waves with opposite circular polarizations is presented. The standard semi-classical approach based on the Fokker-Plank equation is exploited for numerical modeling of laser cooling. The problem is solved out of limits of slow atom approximation and for arbitrary light intensity. The dependences of light force and diffusion on an atomic velocity are studied for various frequency detuning and Rabi frequency. Also, to obtain optimal parameters of laser cooling, the atomic velocity distributions are investigated for various conditions and the dependence of average atomic kinetic energy on the light field intensity and frequency detuning is calculated. In the case of strong field a multi-spike velocity distribution profile is observed. It results from various nonlinear effects accompany absorption of laser photons by atoms. In conclusion we make additional recommendations to increase atoms in metastable state 33 P2, what is necessary for effective laser cooling
We report on a reliable laser system for cooling magnesium atoms in the metastable 3P manifold. The three relevant transitions coupling the 3P to the 3D manifold are near 383 nm and seperated by several hundred GHz. The laser system consists of three diode lasers at 766 nm. All lasers are frequency stabilised to a single pre-stabilised transfer cavity. The applied scheme for frequency control greatly reduces the complexity of operating three lasers combined with resonant frequency doubling stages and provides a high reliability necessary for complex atomic physics experiments.
The laser cooling of a helium atomic beam in the 2s3S1 metastable state has been demonstrated. Using a single-mode LNA (La1-x Nd x MgAl11O19) laser resonant with the 2s3S1-2p3P2 transition, the metastable atoms are cooled by the Doppler cooling method combined with the Zeeman-tuning technique. To monitor the velocity distribution, the Doppler profile of the 2p3P2-3d3D3 transition is observed. As a result, the most probable velocity of the metastable helium atoms, which is initially 750 m/s, is decelerated to 90 m/s.
We have realized efficient transverse cooling of an Indium atomic beam by combining optical pumping with a closed cycle UV laser cooling transition at 325.6 nm. The transverse velocity of the atomic beam is reduced to 13.5+/-3.8 cm/s, well below the Doppler cooling limit. The fraction of laser-cooled In atoms is enhanced to 12+/-3 % by optical pumping in the present experiment. It can be scaled up to approach 100% efficiency in cooling, providing high brightness atomic beams for further applications. Our results establish In on the map of elements suitable for applications involving laser cooling.