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Physical Review A

Entanglement dynamics of three interacting two-level atoms within a common structured environment

Nguyen Ba An, Jaewan Kim, Kisik Kim

Published Aug 24, 2011• 46 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We derive exact time evolution of three two-level atoms coupled to a common environment. The environment is structured and is modeled by a leaky cavity with Lorentzian spectral density. The atoms are initially prepared in a generalized $W$ state and later on experience pairwise dipole-dipole interactions and couplings to the cavity. We study tripartite disentangling and entangling dynamics as well as protecting bipartite entanglement with both atom-atom interactions and atom-cavity couplings taken simultaneously into account.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.022329

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We derive exact time evolution of three two-level atoms coupled to a common environment. The environment is structured and is modeled by a leaky cavity with Lorentzian spectral density. The atoms are initially prepared in a generalized WWW state and later on experience pairwise dipole-dipole interactions and couplings to the cavity. We study tripartite disentangling and entangling dynamics as well as protecting bipartite entanglement with both atom-atom interactions and atom-cavity couplings taken simultaneously into account.
Entanglement dynamical evolution of three two-level atoms coupled to a common environment is investigated. We utilize the tripartite negativity to quantify entanglement and analyze the effect of the initial state, pairwise dipole-dipole interactions on the entanglement dynamical properties of the system by means of numerical calculations. Results show that a novel quantum interference can be controlled by the relative phase of initially entangled states of the atoms. And the excited-state population can be trapped in the long time limit. Besides, the tripartite entanglement can be enhanced by choosing the appropriate conditions.
Quantum entanglement is one of most remarkable features of quantum mechanics,and in recent years it has played a more and more important role in quantum information.However,real quantum system inevitably interacts with the environment,resulting in the entanglement decay or even entanglement sudden death,so it is necessary to study the entanglement dynamical properties of an open system under different environments.In this paper,we investigate the entanglement dynamic behaviors of three interacting two-level atoms in an optical cavity which is coupled to a structured zero-temperature bosonic reservoir.Laplace transform,LBC and other methods are utilized,through numerical method we analyze the entanglement dynamic behavios of tripartite of three atoms and bipartite of cavity and reservoir.We also discuss how the coupling parameters affect the entanglement dynamics.Results show that in a short time,the entanglement of tripartite increases with coupling strength of three atoms increasing,and a periodic oscillation appears, but entanglement of bipartite decreases.The entanglement of tripartite decreases with the coupling strength between atoms and cavity increasing and damping oscillation appears,but the entanglement of bipartite increases.In a long-time limit,the entanglement approaches to a steady value.The non-Markovian dynamics of the qubits is determined by both the coupling strength and the spectral width.The strong system-reservoir coupling regime results in the non-Markovian dynamics of system.As the spectral width increases,the system of three atoms transforms from non-Markovian regime to Markovian regime.The increasing of spectral width results in the Markovian dynamic behavior of system,but the system of the atoms falls into the non-Markovian regime once more.When the coupling between the cavity and reservoir is weak,the entanglement of three atoms increases as the detuning of the cavity and reservoir increases,but it is not obvious.When the coupling between the cavity and reservoir is strong,the entanglement of three atoms increases and a periodic oscillation appears with increasing the detuning between the cavity and reservoir,so we can effectively restrain the effects of dissipation of reservoir on entanglement decay by adjusting the detuning between the cavity and reservoir.
Using an exact approach, we study the dynamics of entanglement between two qubits coupled to independent reservoirs and between the two, initially disentangled, reservoirs. We also describe the transfer of bipartite entanglement from the two qubits to their respective reservoirs focussing on the case of two atoms inside two different leaky cavities with a specific attention to the role of the detuning. We present a scheme to prepare the cavity fields in a maximally entangled state, without direct interaction between the cavities, by exploiting the initial qubits entanglement. We discuss a deterministic protocol, working in the presence of cavity losses, for the generation of a W-state of one qubit and two cavity fields and we describe a probabilistic scheme to entangle one of the atoms with the reservoir (cavity field) of the other atom.
We study the entanglement dynamics of three two-level atoms interacting with a structured reservoir. The atoms are initially prepared in a mixed W state while the reservoir is in the vacuum. We show the dependence of entanglement dynamics on the purity of initial atomic state and on the amount of non-Markovianity. When the initial state of atoms is in a W pure state, the entanglement will decay asymptotically, while it vanishes in a finite time if the initial state is in a mixed W state. In addition, as the memory effect of the environment, entanglement can partially revive after it vanishes, and the revival degree is dependent on the strength of non-Markovian effect. In the end, we consider the entanglement generation and its evolution when the initial state of the atoms system is completely separable.
In this paper,we consider the situation that two of three identical two-level atoms are trapped in two coupled cavities separately and another atom is outside the cavity.The evolution of the state vector of the system is given.Three atoms are in like-W state,and optical cavities are all in vacuum state initially.Negativity is adopted to quantify the degree of entanglement.By means of the numerical calculations,we investigate the temporal evolutions of the entanglement between atoms.The influences of coupling constant between cavities and the parameter describing the atomic initial state on the entanglements are discussed.The results show that the disentanglement time zone of atom-atom entanglement is reduced,and the curve peaks of entanglements increase as initial entanglement between atoms increases.This indicates that the entanglement between atoms is strengthened with the increase of initial entanglement between atoms.The atom-atom entanglement is also strengthened with the increase of the coupling constant between cavities.On the other hand,we consider the case which the state of atom outside cavity is measured.When a direct selective measurement is performed or not,the effect of the state-selective measurement on the entanglement is discussed.We find that the entanglement between atoms can be strengthened through the state-selective measurement.
Abstract We investigate the time evolution of a general two-qubit pure entangled state in different structured environments. A general expression is obtained to evaluate the entanglement dynamics of two-qubit systems for two different dissipative environments in the non-Markovian regime. In one case it is single Lorentzian and is detuned from the system while in the other case two Lorentzians form a photonic band gap and is resonant with the system. In the first case, we show that entanglement can be generated from the initial separable state in the non-Markovian regime. Compared to our earlier work under Markov approximation (Tahira et al 2008 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys . 41 205501), we show that disentanglement rates as well as sudden death times are modified in structured environments. Therefore, we can retain the entanglement for a longer time by controlling the system–environment coupling parameters.