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Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation

A good approximation of modulated amplitude waves in Bose–Einstein condensates

Leilei Jia, Qihuai Liu, Zhongjun Ma

Published Jan 9, 2014• 10 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.cnsns.2013.12.034

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In this paper we give a frame for application of the averaging method to Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and obtain an abstract result upon the dynamics of BECs. Using the averaging method, we determine the location where the modulated amplitude waves (periodic or quasi-periodic) exist and obtain that all these modulated amplitude waves (periodic or quasi-periodic) form a foliation by varying the integration constant continuously. Compared with the previous work, modulated amplitude waves studied in this paper have nontrivial phases and this makes the problem become more difficult, since it involves some singularities.
In this paper, we investigate theoretically the back-action evading measurement of the collective mode of an interacting atomic Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped in an optical cavity that is driven coherently by a pump laser with a modulated amplitude. It is shown that, for a specified kind of amplitude modulation of the driving laser, one can measure a generalized quadrature of the collective mode of the BEC indirectly through the output cavity field with a negligible back-action noise in the good-cavity limit. Nevertheless, the on-resonance added noise of measurement is suppressed below the standard quantum limit (SQL), even in the bad cavity limit. Moreover, the measurement precision can be controlled through the s -wave scattering frequency of atomic collisions.
We consider the one-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation, which governs the dynamics of Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) matter waves with time-dependent scattering length and a harmonic trapping potential. We present the integrable condition for the one-dimensional GP equation and obtain the exact analytical solution which describes the modulational instability and the propagation of a bright solitary wave on a continuous wave (cw) background. Moreover, by employing the adiabatic perturbation theory for a bright soliton, we obtain approximative bright solitary wave solutions under near-integrable conditions. Both the exact and approximative solutions show that the amplitude of a bright solitary wave with zero boundary condition depends on the scattering length while its motion depends on the external trapping potential.