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arXiv:1103.5277 · Journal of Mathematical Physics

Modulated amplitude waves with nonzero phases in Bose-Einstein condensates

Qihuai Liu, Dingbian Qian

Published Aug 1, 2011• 17 citations
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Abstract

In this paper we give a frame for application of the averaging method to Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and obtain an abstract result upon the dynamics of BECs. Using the averaging method, we determine the location where the modulated amplitude waves (periodic or quasi-periodic) exist and obtain that all these modulated amplitude waves (periodic or quasi-periodic) form a foliation by varying the integration constant continuously. Compared with the previous work, modulated amplitude waves studied in this paper have nontrivial phases and this makes the problem become more difficult, since it involves some singularities.

DOI
10.1063/1.3623415

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In this paper we give a frame for application of the averaging method to Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and obtain an abstract result upon the dynamics of BECs. Using the averaging method, we determine the location where the modulated amplitude waves (periodic or quasi-periodic) exist and obtain that all these modulated amplitude waves (periodic or quasi-periodic) form a foliation by varying the integration constant continuously. Compared with the previous work, modulated amplitude waves studied in this paper have nontrivial phases and this makes the problem become more difficult, since it involves some singularities.
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We study the existence of modulated amplitude waves with non-trivial phase of a quasi-1D multicomponent Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in the presence of an external periodic potential. Mathematically, such coherent structures are doubly periodic solutions, in space and time, of a coupled system of Gross–Pitaevskii equations. For a binary BEC, the weak interaction regime is tackled by means of the averaging method and regular perturbation theory. The case of strong particle interaction is covered by a simple rescaling argument. One of the components is stationary, while the second component has non-trivial phase, meaning that there is circulation of matter only of the second component. The case of three components is briefly discussed as well.
We apply Lindstedt's method and multiple scale perturbation theory to analyze spatio-temporal structures in nonlinear Schrödinger equations and thereby study the dynamics of quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates with mean-field interactions. We determine the dependence of the amplitude of modulated amplitude waves on their wave number. We also explore the band structure of Bose-Einstein condensates in detail using Hamiltonian perturbation theory and supporting numerical simulations.
By using the bifurcation theory of dynamical systems, we present the exact representation and topological classification of coherent matter waves in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), such as solitary waves and modulate amplitude waves (MAWs). The existence and multiplicity of such waves are determined by the parameter regions selected. The results show that the characteristic of coherent matter waves can be determined by the “angular momentum” in attractive BECs while for repulsive BECs; the waves of the coherent form are all MAWs. All exact explicit parametric representations of the above waves are exhibited and numerical simulations support the result.
We study the quantum dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates when the scattering length is modulated periodically or quasi-periodically in time within the Bogoliubov framework. For the periodically driven case, we consider two protocols where the modulation is a square-wave or a sine-wave. In both protocols for each fixed momentum, there are heating and non-heating phases, and a phase boundary between them. The two phases are distinguished by whether the number of excited particles grows exponentially or not. For the quasi-periodically driven case, we again consider two protocols: the square-wave quasi-periodicity, where the excitations are generated for almost all parameters as an analog of the Fibonacci-type quasi-crystal; and the sine-wave quasi-periodicity, where there is a finite measure parameter regime for the non-heating phase. We also plot the analogs of the Hofstadter butterfly for both protocols.