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Physica D Nonlinear Phenomena

Non-linear behaviour in the rf-SQUID magnetometer

Jason F. Ralph, Timothy P. Spiller, Terrence D. Clark, Helen Prance, Robert J. Prance, A. J. Clippingdale

Published Feb 1, 1993• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0167-2789(93)90154-s

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The observation and study of macroscopic quantum coherence (MQC), i.e. the coherent superposition and evolution of macroscopically distinct quantum states, is of great importance for both our understanding of nature and for quantum engineering, for example in quantum computing. Recently a first indication of MQC in a system of SQUIDs has been indirectly observed by means of spectroscopic techniques. Applications like quantum computing, however, require the manipulation and the observation of the time evolution of the MQC states. We have realized a system of SQUIDs for the study of MQC. Our system, based on trilayer Nb/AlOx/Nb technology, consists of a double rf-SQUID, source of the MQC state, inductively coupled to a non-hysteretic dc-SQUID magnetometer and to a hysteretic dc-SQUID threshold detector, used for the read-out of the magnetic flux state. The magnetometer is used to test and monitor the rf-SQUID behaviour, while the hysteretic dc-SQUID is used to perform fast measurements with a reduced back action on the rf-SQUID. We present measurements performed at 4.2 K and at 20 mK to characterize the single devices and their overall behaviour, and a scheme for the use of a set of SQUIDs as a qubit system.
This paper describes a refined rf-SQUID magnetometer in which not only the fabrication of the SQUID sensor becomes easier but also the magnetic flux could be stably measured with sufficient sensitivity at a wider range of temperatures compared with existing SQUID systems. Two frequency components are used in the proposed rf-SQUID magnetometer, one of which is to excite the SQUID sensor and the other is to detect its response. Furthermore, from both the phenomenological analysis and the experimental results it is shown that the present rf-SQUID magnetometer performs its function well even if the value of LIc of the SQUID sensor is much larger than the flux quantum φ0.