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Physical Review A

Inhomogeneous dark states of atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates in trapping potentials

Hector Cruz, V. V. Konotop

Published Mar 3, 2011• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate possibilities of existence of inhomogeneous dark states of atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates loaded in trap potentials. The system is described by three-coupled equations of the Gross-Pitaevskii type, which account for contributions of the kinetic energy, two-body interactions, and an external potential, and which govern the conversion between atoms and molecules in the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. We report a class of trapping potentials allowing for the existence of localized stable dark states. The respective atomic and molecular distributions are computed, and their stability and dynamics are discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.033603

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We investigate possibilities of existence of inhomogeneous dark states of atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates loaded in trap potentials. The system is described by three-coupled equations of the Gross-Pitaevskii type, which account for contributions of the kinetic energy, two-body interactions, and an external potential, and which govern the conversion between atoms and molecules in the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. We report a class of trapping potentials allowing for the existence of localized stable dark states. The respective atomic and molecular distributions are computed, and their stability and dynamics are discussed.
We consider a coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations describing an atomic Bose-Einstein condensates coupled to a molecular condensates through the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage loaded in an external potential. The existence of dark state are investigated within the full parameter space accounts for all the nonlinear collisions, together with the atom-molecule conversion coupling and external potential. The results show that there are a class of external potentials such as double-well, periodical and double periodical, and harmonic potentials, where the exact dark solutions can be formed. Our results may raise the possibility of relative experiments for dark state in the coupled atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates.
In the present contribution, we explore a host of different stationary states, namely dark-bright solitons and their lattices, that arise in the context of multicomponent atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. The latter are modeled by systems of coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations with general interaction (nonlinearity) coefficients gij{g}_{ij}gij​. It is found that in some particular parameter ranges such solutions can be obtained in analytical form, however, numerically they are computed as existing in a far wider parametric range. Many features of the solutions under study, such as their analytical form without the trap or the stability and dynamical properties of one dark-bright soliton even in the presence of the trap are obtained analytically and corroborated numerically. Additional features, such as the stability of soliton lattice homogeneous states or their existence and stability in the presence of the trap, are examined numerically.
Considering all the ground-state atom interactions,we investigate the population transfer of two Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) states,which are trapped in diffecent potential wells,or two ground states of the BEC in the same trap using the stimulated Raman adiabatic process.With a proper choice of pulsed geometric parameters,the dark state exists.By simply choosing ground-state detunings,the effects of the interatomic interaction can be suppressed and a high population transfer rate can be obtained.
We study the dynamics of the atomic and molecular Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of 87Rb^{87}\text{R}\text{b}87Rb in a spherically symmetric trap coupled by stimulated Raman photoassociation process. Considering the higher order nonlinearity in the atom-atom interaction we analyze the dynamics of the system using coupled modified Gross-Pitaevskii (MGP) equations and compare it with mean-field coupled Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) dynamics. Considerable differences in the dynamics are obtained in these two approaches at large scattering length, i.e., for large values of peak-gas parameter ${x}_{pk}\ensuremath{\ge}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. We show how the dynamics of the coupled system is affected when the atom-molecule and molecule-molecule interactions are considered together with the atom-atom interaction and also when the strengths of these three interactions are increased. The effect of detuning on the efficiency of conversion of atomic fractions into molecules is demonstrated and the feasibility of maximum molecular BEC formation by varying the Raman detuning parameter at different values of time is explored. Thus by varying the Raman detuning and the scattering length for atom-atom interaction one can control the dynamics of the coupled atomic-molecular BEC system. We have also solved coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations for atomic to molecular condensate formation through magnetic Feshbach resonance in a BEC of 85Rb^{85}\text{R}\text{b}85Rb. We found similar features for oscillations between atomic and molecular condensates noted in previous theoretical study and obtained fairly good agreement with the evolution of total atomic condensate observed experimentally.
Considering all the ground-state atom interactions, we investigate the population transfer of two Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) states, which are trapped in different potential wells, or two ground states of the BEC in the same trap using the stimulated Raman adiabatic process. With a proper choice of pulsed geometric parameters, the dark state exists. By simply choosing ground-state detunings, the effects of the interatomic interaction can be suppressed and a high population transfer rate can be obtained.