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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

A lattice of magneto-optical and magnetic traps for cold atoms

A. Grabowski, Tilman Pfau

Published Jan 1, 2003• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Basic periodic trapping configurations is presented, which can be realized with multilayer microstructures. The trapping fields for the atoms (Ioffe Pritchard type potentials for magnetic trapping of atoms as well as quadrupole fields for magneto-optical trapping) are formed by two layers of crossed wires, which can be individually addressed. The possibility of producing multiple magneto optical traps (MOT) next to a surface in a controlled manner will be shown. This could be a first step to load ultracold atoms into an array of microstructured magnetic traps in a parallel way.

DOI
10.1109/eqec.2003.1314131

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•Jan 1, 2006•0 citations
Basic periodic trapping configurations is presented, which can be realized with multilayer microstructures. The trapping fields for the atoms (Ioffe Pritchard type potentials for magnetic trapping of atoms as well as quadrupole fields for magneto-optical trapping) are formed by two layers of crossed wires, which can be individually addressed. The possibility of producing multiple magneto optical traps (MOT) next to a surface in a controlled manner will be shown. This could be a first step to load ultracold atoms into an array of microstructured magnetic traps in a parallel way.
An array of square current-carrying wires is proposed to construct a two-dimensional (2D) array of surface magneto-optical traps and Ioffe magnetic ones for realizing a 2D lattice of Bose-Einstein condensations (BECs) on an atom chip. Our study shows that when a vertical homogeneous bias magnetic field is only used, the wires will form a 2D array of quadrupole magnetic traps, which can be used to construct 2D lattice of surface magneto-optical micro-traps. While another horizontal homogeneous bias field is added simultaneously, the above 2D array of quadrupole micro-traps will be changed as an array of surface Ioffe micro-traps, which can be used to form a 2D magnetic lattice and then realize a 2D array of BECs. The dynamic loading process of cold (87)Rb atoms from each micro-MOT into Ioffe micro-trap is studied by using Monte-Carlo simulations, and our results show that the scheme can be used to realize a natural and effective loading of cold atoms from 2D array of micro-MOTs into 2D array of Ioffe micro-traps, and the loading efficiency can be reach ~ 65%. Moreover, the positions of each BEC (or MOT) in 2D array of magnetic micro-traps can be controlled by adjusting the currents in the wires or by changing the additional vertical bias field.
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We propose a novel controllable double-well magneto-optical trap (MOT) by using a square current-carrying wire and a bias magnetic field. The spatial distributions of the magnetic fields and their gradients are calculated, and the results show that the proposed trap has double magnetic wells with two centres of zero magnetic field and can be continuously evolved as a single-well trap by reducing the current in the wire or increasing the bias field, which can be used to realize a controllable double-well MOT, even to prepare one- and two-dimensional arrays of magneto-optical lattices on the surface of an atom chip. We also estimate the number (~107) and temperature (~260 μK) of trapped cold atoms in our MOT.
We have realized a two-dimensional permanent magnetic lattice of Ioffe-Pritchard microtraps for ultracold atoms. The lattice is formed by a single $300\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$ magnetized layer of FePt, patterned using optical lithography. Our magnetic lattice consists of more than 15 000 tightly confining microtraps with a density of 1250traps∕mm21250\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{traps}∕{\mathrm{mm}}^{2}1250traps∕mm2. Simple analytical approximations for the magnetic fields produced by the lattice are used to derive relevant trap parameters. We load ultracold atoms into at least 30 lattice sites at a distance of approximately $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ from the film surface. The present result is an important first step toward quantum information processing with neutral atoms in magnetic lattice potentials.
We propose two novel double-well magnetic surface traps (i.e., a double-well U-U-shaped wire trap and a double-well U-Z-shaped wire trap) for cold atoms using a straight and U-shaped current-carrying wire or two U-shaped current-carrying wires. These double-well magnetic traps can be continuously changed into a single-well by reducing the current in a straight wire or an inner U-shaped wire from a suitable value to zero, and vice versa. The spatial distributions of the magnetic fields from two current-carrying wire layouts and their field gradients are calculated and analyzed, and the trapped atomic number and its temperature in each magnetic well are estimated. Our study shows that our double-well magnetic surface traps can be used to realize two-species magneto-optical traps (MOTs) above the surface of the wire plane. Under the approximation of low intensity, cold atomic samples with a captured number of ∼10^6 atoms and a temperature of approximately 270 µK can be obtained in each ^85Rb atomic MOT. Since each MOT in two-species MOTs can be prepared independently, our controllable double-well trap can be used to study the cold collisions between two different atomic samples.
We propose a new class of permanent magnetic lattices on an atom chip for producing 1D and 2D periodic arrays of Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic micro-traps with variable barrier height for trapping and manipulating ultracold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates. The barrier height of the microtraps may be varied by changing a bias magnetic field. In one of the con gurations, we show how we can go from a 1D array of 2D microtraps to a 2D array of 3D microtraps by changing the angle between two crossed arrays of parallel rectangular magnets. Furthermore, by changing the angle between the crossed arrays of magnets, the barrier heights can be varied. This suggests the possibility of performing a type of 'mechanical' BEC to Mott insulator quantum phase transition in a permanent magnetic lattice.