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Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A

Against Quantum Nonlocality

Willy De Baere, Jan De Neve

Published Feb 1, 2001• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract It is shown that all quantum “contradictions” disappear if one drops the assumption of unique initial conditions for a hidden variable theory for individual quantum processes. Our proposal corresponds with a deterministic world evolution such that local physical conditions are nonreproducible, in agreement with empirical observation

DOI
10.1515/zna-2001-0131

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Abstract It is shown that all quantum “contradictions” disappear if one drops the assumption of unique initial conditions for a hidden variable theory for individual quantum processes. Our proposal corresponds with a deterministic world evolution such that local physical conditions are nonreproducible, in agreement with empirical observation
We give a counter example to show that determinism as such is in contradiction to quantum mechanics. More precisely, we consider a simple quantum system and its environment, including the measurement device, and make the assumption that the time evolution of the global system, the quantum system plus this environment, is deterministic, i. e., the time evolution is given by a dynamical trajectory from some initial conditions. From this, we prove a type of Bell inequalities which are violated by quantum mechanics, reaching the conclusion that our quantum system evolves in a non deterministic way. In order to seize the interest of this conclusion, one must realize that it cannot be reached from the present experimental violation of Bell inequalities predicted by quantum mechanics, since this violation is compatible with non-local realism.
The crucial role of counterfactual reasoning in generating inconsistencies between local subquantum theories and quantum mechanics is stressed. It is argued that the physical justification of such reasoning requires the fulfilment of a criterion of actualizability of hypothetical situations. It is demonstrated that in a subquantum framework this criterion is equivalent to the assumption of actual reproducibility of individual subquantum states. Therefore, inconsistencies between local subquantum theories and quantum mechanics disappear if a nonreproducibility property of nature, in full agreement with the empirical fact that past, present and future are basically distinct, is invoked. The proposal also leaves the universal validity of the locality principle untouched, in agreement with all existing empirical evidence.
Bell nonlocality is an intriguing property of quantum mechanics with far reaching consequences for information processing, philosophy and our fundamental understanding of nature. However, nonlocality is a statement about static correlations only. It does not take into account dynamics, i.e. time evolution of those correlations. Consider a dynamic situation where the correlations remain local for all times. Then at each moment in time there exists a local hidden-variable (LHV) model reproducing the momentary correlations. Can the time evolution of the correlations then be captured by evolving the hidden variables? In this light, we define dynamical LHV models and motivate and discuss potential additional physical and mathematical assumptions. Based on a simple counter example we conjecture that such LHV dynamics does not always exist. This is further substantiated by a rigorous no-go theorem. Our results suggest a new type of nonlocality that can be deduced from the observed time evolution of measurement statistics and which generically occurs in interacting quantum systems.
Experiments motivated by Bell's theorem have led some physicists to conclude that quantum theory is nonlocal. However, the theoretical basis for such claims is usually taken to be Bell's Theorem, which shows only that if certain predictions of quantum theory are correct, and a strong hidden-variable assumption is valid, then a certain locality condition must fail. This locality condition expresses the idea that what an experimenter freely chooses to measure in one spacetime region can have no effect of any kind in a second region situated spacelike relative to the first. The experimental results conform closely to the predictions of quantum theory in such cases, but the most reasonable conclusion to draw is not that locality fails, but rather that the hidden-variable assumption is false. For this assumption conflicts with the quantum precept that unperformed experiments have no outcomes. The present paper deduces the failure of this locality condition directly from the precepts of quantum theory themselves, in a way that generates no inconsistency or any conflict with the predictions of relativistic quantum field theory.