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Optics Letters

Conjugation fidelity and reflectivity in photorefractive double phase-conjugate mirrors

Sergei S. Orlov, George C. Valley, Mordechai Segev, Amnon Yariv

Published Apr 15, 1994• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an experimental study of the behavior of photorefractive double phase-conjugate mirrors that illustrates recent theoretical predictions. We observe a sharp fidelity threshold that significantly depends on the specific feature size in the input beams. Furthermore, we find that if the two input beams have unequal intensities the conjugation process is asymmetric and the steady-state fidelity is better on the side of the crystal on which the more-intense beam enters.

DOI
10.1364/ol.19.000578

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We present an experimental study of the behavior of photorefractive double phase-conjugate mirrors that illustrates recent theoretical predictions. We observe a sharp fidelity threshold that significantly depends on the specific feature size in the input beams. Furthermore, we find that if the two input beams have unequal intensities the conjugation process is asymmetric and the steady-state fidelity is better on the side of the crystal on which the more-intense beam enters.
While the interaction of optical beams in photorefractive crystals can often be accurately described in terms of 1-D plane-wave approximation, 2-D models are sometimes more suitable, as suggested by recent work.1 Here we discuss some aspects of photorefractive interaction of finite size optical beams. We have solved the system of partial differential equations governing two- and four-wave mixing numerically by using iterative procedures. Simulations of beam amplification in two-beam coupling show strong beam deformation even without any spatial information imposed on them. Spatially nonuniform energy transfer is responsible for this effect. The pump beam loses energy during propagation and at the end of its passage through the beam intersection region (which was completely inside the crystal) it is strongly depleted and cannot contribute significantly to beam amplification. As the pump beam crosses through the probe, it amplifies most strongly that side of the probe that it meets first. By the time the pump has reached the far side of the probe, it is strongly depleted and less effective at probe amplification. In the case of phase conjugation through four-wave mixing, we found that the conjugate beam is strongly deformed only when the coupling constant is negative (corresponding to deamplification of the probe input beam). For positive coupling constants the output conjugate beam is a good replica of the input probe beam.
We develop a numerical method to solve the coupled-wave equations for four-wave mixing phase conjugation in a photorefractive crystal with unequal complex coupling constants; by this method we can obtain both the intensities and the phases of various beams. We discuss the intensities and the phases of the interacting beams in a photorefractive crystal for the cases in which the phase shifts between the refractive-index gratings and the interference pattern are all π/2 and in which they are not all π/2.