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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security

Amplify-and-Forward Compressed Sensing as a Physical-Layer Secrecy Solution in Wireless Sensor Networks

J.E. Barcelo-Llado, Antoni Morell, Gonzalo Seco‐Granados

Published Mar 5, 2014• 36 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we assess the physical-layer secrecy performance of the amplify-and-forward compressed sensing (AF-CS) framework when malicious eavesdropping nodes are listening. In particular, we investigate the robustness of the AF-CS scheme in the presence of a group of coordinated eavesdropping nodes under the assumption that they have corrupted channel state information. In order to fulfil this assumption, we propose a channel estimation technique based on pseudorandom pilots. This technique introduces extra uncertainty only in the channel estimation of the eavesdroppers. Our simulation results evaluate the physical-layer protection as a function of the total number of coordinated eavesdroppers and the level of channel estimation distortion of the eavesdroppers. We demonstrate that a small number of eavesdroppers (small being defined later on) has a zero probability of recovering the intended signal. We also show that a very large number of eavesdropping nodes are required to perfectly recover the signal in comparison with other distributed compressed sensing schemes in the literature.

DOI
10.1109/tifs.2014.2309855

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In this paper, we assess the physical-layer secrecy performance of the amplify-and-forward compressed sensing (AF-CS) framework when malicious eavesdropping nodes are listening. In particular, we investigate the robustness of the AF-CS scheme in the presence of a group of coordinated eavesdropping nodes under the assumption that they have corrupted channel state information. In order to fulfil this assumption, we propose a channel estimation technique based on pseudorandom pilots. This technique introduces extra uncertainty only in the channel estimation of the eavesdroppers. Our simulation results evaluate the physical-layer protection as a function of the total number of coordinated eavesdroppers and the level of channel estimation distortion of the eavesdroppers. We demonstrate that a small number of eavesdroppers (small being defined later on) has a zero probability of recovering the intended signal. We also show that a very large number of eavesdropping nodes are required to perfectly recover the signal in comparison with other distributed compressed sensing schemes in the literature.
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Energy harvesting (EH) has attracted a lot of attention in cooperative communication networks studies for its capability of transferring energy from sources to relays. In this paper, we study the secrecy capacity of a cooperative compressed sensing amplify and forward (CCS-AF) wireless network in the presence of eavesdroppers based on an energy harvesting protocol. In this model, the source nodes send their information to the relays simultaneously, and then the relays perform EH from the received radio-frequency signals based on the power splitting-based relaying (PSR) protocol. The energy harvested by the relays will be used to amplify and forward the received information to the destination. The impacts of some key parameters, such as the power splitting ratio, energy conversion efficiency, relay location, and the number of relays, on the system secrecy capacity are analyzed through a group of experiments. Simulation results reveal that under certain conditions, the proposed EH relaying scheme can achieve higher secrecy capacity than traditional relaying strategies while consuming equal or even less power.
Accurate channel state information (CSI) is necessary for correctly receiving information. Compressive sensing has been used for channel estimation because of the sparsity of the wireless multipath channel. Based on compressive sensing, the channel estimation performance by setting pilots randomly is much better than uniformly and successively. This paper proposed a scheme for security communication in physical layer by exploiting the randomness of pilots to prevent eavesdropping in wireless communication. The transmitter places the pilots according to the random pilot codebook, then the legitimate user can accurately estimate CSI according to the codebook and the eavesdropper cannot because of not knowing the position of pilots. The simulation results show that the legitimate user can correctly decode information, while the BER performance of eavesdropper is very bad, and the security capacity is close to the legitimate user's capacity. This scheme effectively ensures the safety of the physical layer communication.
Wireless communication is highly susceptible to eavesdropping attacks where a malicious user can exploit the broadcast nature of the wireless signals to eavesdrop on confidential information. At the physical layer, there are multiple possible avenues to utilize the inherent randomness of the wireless transmission medium to achieve secure communication. One of the lucrative possibilities is to use the channel state information (CSI) to establish a secure communication link because it is vital in decoding the received signal at the transmitter. This technique is commonly referred to as discriminatory channel estimation (DCE) where the channel estimation performance is intentionally degraded at the eavesdropper as compared to the legitimate nodes to achieve secure communication.In this thesis, we capitalize on full-duplex (FD) transmissions to transmit the pilot signals to obscure the channel estimates from the eavesdropper. FD transmission severely limits the estimation performance at the eavesdropper while the legitimate nodes can acquire robust estimates. The secrecy of channel estimates from the eavesdropper provides a bandwidth-efficient security technique as the channel estimation requires less bandwidth than the data transmission. We have presented the achievable secrecy capacity analysis along with the simulation analysis to illustrate the performance improvements achieved by the proposed novel secure channel estimation. In this thesis, we also study the impact of artificial noise (AN) to improve the secrecy achieved by the use of FD transmission of pilot signals. For a strategically located eavesdropper, we have presented novel DCE techniques where AN signals are transmitted along with pilot signals using FD transmission. The AN signals confuse the nearby eavesdropper to establish a secure and robust communication link. We have also presented novel local adaptive power allocation algorithms, where each legitimate node performs power allocation in the absence of statistical channel characteristics regarding the eavesdropping channel. We have provided an in-depth simulation analysis including a location-based simulation analysis to illustrate that the secrecy performance achieved by the proposed DCE techniques. The simulation results indicate that the proposed DCE techniques achieve robust secure communication against a strategically located eavesdropper: while the other DCE techniques are unable to avoid the leakage of information to the eavesdropper
The Physical Layer Security (PLS) technology has been proved to be an effective way to reduce information leakage in wireless communication networks. This paper discusses the problem of secure transmission for Amplify-and-Forward (AF) cooperative network which contains both an external eavesdropper and some untrusted relays at the same time, where each relay acts as a helper of transmitting information and a potential eavesdropper. We adopt the technology of Cooperative Jamming (CJ), which yields a significant performance in terms of providing a better level of security against eavesdropping and improving the secure transmission performance of the system. First we discuss the security performance of this new system model, give the secrecy rate in theory and derive a tight lower bound of this secrecy rate. Then we propose a relay selection scheme, which avoids using the channel state information (CSI) of external eavesdropper, to transmit information. Afterward, we also discuss the problem of power allocation in order to maximize the secrecy rate.