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Chinese Physics

Spectrum of the micromaser injected with Λ-type three-level atoms

Zhi‐Ming Zhang, Liang Wen-Qing, Xie Sheng-wu

Published Dec 1, 2000• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spectrum of the micromaser injected with Λ-type three-level atoms is studied. The spectrum has a Lorentzian lineshape and its central frequency has a shift. The effects of various parameters (for example, the atomic center-of-mass velocity, the cavity-length, the one-photon detuning, the ratio of the atomic injection rate to the cavity decay rate and the number of thermal photons) on the linewidth and the frequency shift are examined. The spectrum shows very different features in different velocity regimes, i.e., in the fast-atom regime, in the intermediate-velocity-atom regime, and in the slow-atom regime.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/9/12/004

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The spectrum of the micromaser injected with Λ-type three-level atoms is studied. The spectrum has a Lorentzian lineshape and its central frequency has a shift. The effects of various parameters (for example, the atomic center-of-mass velocity, the cavity-length, the one-photon detuning, the ratio of the atomic injection rate to the cavity decay rate and the number of thermal photons) on the linewidth and the frequency shift are examined. The spectrum shows very different features in different velocity regimes, i.e., in the fast-atom regime, in the intermediate-velocity-atom regime, and in the slow-atom regime.
We study the spectrum of the micromaser injected with ultracold cascade three-level atoms. We examine the effects of the atomic centre-of-mass motion, the cavity length, the atom-field detuning, the ratio of the atomic injection rate to the cavity decay rate, and the number of photons in thermal equilibrium on the spectrum. We find that the micromaser injected with ultracold three-level atoms shows new spectral properties which are different from those of the micromaser injected with ultracold two-level atoms and the micromaser injected with thermal two- or three-level atoms. The main conclusions are that the linewidth can be broadened and the frequency can be either red-shifted or blue-shifted.
The effects of the atomic coherence on the photon statistics of the micromaser injected with ultra-cold V-type three-level atoms are studied.In the plot of the atomic emission probability versus the cavity length, there are resonance peaks and non-resonance platforms, which can be adjusted by the atomic coherence parameters.These features of emission probability affect the properties of photon statistics directly. In the plot of the mean number of photons versus the cavity length, there are resonance peaks and non-resonance platforms,too. Given a cavity length, with the change of the atomic coherence parameters, the distribution of photon numbers can move towards the large or small photon numbers, and the mean number of photons increases or decreases accordingly.We also find, with appropriate atomic coherence parameters, that the photon statistics are sub-Poissonian in large region of the cavity length.
We have established the master equation for the micromaser with Kerr medium field density operator, studied the spectrum of the micromaser with Kerr medium and analyzed the influence of Kerr effect and the detuning on the spectrum. In the thermal-atom regime, we find that Kerr effect broadens linewidth D and increases frequency-shift S, and that the detuning Δ narrows linewidth D and increases frequency-shift S as a whole. Moreover Kerr effect leads to oscillatings more rapidly in the resonance peaks, which means that it causes quantum noise. As a whole, with the increase of cavity-length L, the linewidth D and frequency-shift S gradually increase.
We have established the master equation for the micromaser with Kerr medium field density operator,studied the spectrum of the micromaser with Kerr medium and analyzed the influence of Kerr effect and the detuning onthe spectrum. In the thermal-atom regime, we find that Kerr effect broadens linewidth D and increases frequency-shiftS, and that the detuning A narrows linewidth D and increases frequency-shift S as a whole. Moreover Kerr effect leadsto oscillatings more rapidly in the resonance peaks, which means that it causes quantum noise. As a whole, with theincrease of cavity-length L, the linewidth D and frequency-shift S gradually increase.
We study the spectrum of a one-photon micromaser through the approach of the two-time correlation function. First, we derive two general formulas for the two-time correlation function and for the micromaser spectrum. Then, we focus our attention on trapped states of the micromaser. We examine the line shapes and linewidth of the micromaser spectrum. We find that the half width at half maximum of the spectrum can be less than the smallest decay rate of the off-diagonal density matrix elements ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{n},}$n+1{\mathit{n}}_{+1}n+1​(t), that a hole can appear at the center of the spectrum, and that the spectrum can be split by shifted spectral components. Using a simple example in which the micromaser spectrum is exactly Lorentzian, we also show that two very close photon-number distributions can correspond to two very different natural linewidths.