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Journal of Optics

Quantum memory and all-optical switching in positive charged quantum dots via Zeeman coherent oscillations

M. A. Antón, F. Carreño

Published Sep 24, 2010• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Linear and nonlinear properties in an ensemble of single-hole spin InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots are theoretically studied. The application of a DC magnetic field in the semiconductor growth plane induces a Zeeman splitting of the hole levels which can be modeled like a four-level atom in the X -type configuration. All-optical and magneto-optical switching of a weak probe field are shown to be feasible in this system either by changing the Rabi frequency of an auxiliary control field or by changing the magnitude of the external magnetic field. We analyze the feasibility to store and release a weak pulse from the medium resulting from Zeeman coherent oscillations, thus the system is expected to be useful to develop a variable semiconductor optical buffer.

DOI
10.1088/2040-8978/12/10/104006

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Linear and nonlinear properties in an ensemble of single-hole spin InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots are theoretically studied. The application of a DC magnetic field in the semiconductor growth plane induces a Zeeman splitting of the hole levels which can be modeled like a four-level atom in the X -type configuration. All-optical and magneto-optical switching of a weak probe field are shown to be feasible in this system either by changing the Rabi frequency of an auxiliary control field or by changing the magnitude of the external magnetic field. We analyze the feasibility to store and release a weak pulse from the medium resulting from Zeeman coherent oscillations, thus the system is expected to be useful to develop a variable semiconductor optical buffer.
Semiconductor quantum dots can be utilized to capture single electron or hole spins and they have therewith promise for various applications in fields like spintronics, spin based quantum information processing and chiral photonics. We integrate quantum dots into semiconductor microcavities to enhance light-matter interaction for ultrafast optical manipulation and read-out. Single electron and single hole spins can be statistically or deterministically loaded into the quantum dots and coherently controlled. Within the about μs-coherence times of the spins about 105 complete single qubit rotations can be performed with ultrafast optical pulses. By utilizing a Λ-type energy level system of a single quantum-dot electron spin in a magnetic field and ultrafast non-linear frequency conversion, quantum-dot spin-photon entanglement is observed.
Abstract The ability to extend the time scale of the coherent optical response from large ensembles of quantum emitters is highly appealing for applications in quantum information devices. In semiconductor nanostructures, spin degrees of freedom can be used as auxiliary, powerful tools to modify the coherent optical dynamics. Here, we apply this approach to negatively charged (In,Ga)As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots which are considered as excellent quantum emitters with robust optical coherence and high bandwidth. We study three-pulse spin-dependent photon echoes subject to moderate transverse magnetic fields up to 1 T. We demonstrate that the timescale of coherent optical response can be extended by at least an order of magnitude by the field. Without magnetic field, the photon echo decays with T2 = 0.45 ns which is determined by the radiative lifetime of trions T1 = 0.26 ns. In the presence of the transverse magnetic field, the decay of the photon echo signal is given by spin dephasing time of the ensemble of resident electrons T2,e ∼ 4 ns. We demonstrate that the non-zero transverse g-factor of the heavy holes in the trion state plays a crucial role in the temporal evolution and magnetic field dependence of the long-lived photon echo signal.
This is a detailed study of slow light based on quantum effects in semiconductor nanostructures. We propose to implement an optical buffer using semiconductor quantum dots and quantum wells based on coherent population oscillation and spin related electromagnetically induced transparency. We identify different pump-and-probe schemes and develop comprehensive theoretical models which include important physical mechanisms in semiconductors. Semiconductors have unique properties which are inaccessible to other slow light media, and these enable the possibilities of controlling the semiconductor-based optical buffer in addition to the optical method. We investigate how to electrically control group index (slowdown factor) in quantum dots by using reverse bias voltage and forward injection current. We also develop a model to use the anisotropy of the light-hole exciton to vary the slowdown factor via two different mechanisms (coherent population oscillation and spin related electromagnetically induced transparency). Finally, we propose an idea to use the strain to control the spin relaxation time in semiconductors, which can help spin-dependent slow light in semiconductors. This research shows that the semiconductor is a promising candidate to demonstrate an optical buffer and can provide more flexible control than other slow light materials.
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The ability to extend the time scale of the coherent optical response from large ensembles of quantum emitters is highly appealing for applications in quantum information devices. In semiconductor nanostructures, spin degrees of freedom can be used as auxiliary, powerful tools to modify the coherent optical dynamics. Here, we apply this approach to negatively charged (In,Ga)As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots which are considered as excellent quantum emitters with robust optical coherence and high bandwidth. We study 3-pulse spin-dependent photon echoes subject to moderate transverse magnetic fields up to 1 T. We demonstrate that the timescale of coherent optical response can be extended by at least an order of magnitude by the field. Without magnetic field, the photon echo decays with T2T_ 2T2​ = 0.45 ns which is determined by the radiative lifetime of trions T1T_1T1​ = 0.27 ns. In the presence of the transverse magnetic field, the decay of the photon echo signal is given by spin dephasing time of the ensemble of resident electrons T2,eT_{2,e}T2,e​ ~ 4 ns. We demonstrate that the non-zero transverse g-factor of the heavy holes in the trion state plays a crucial role in the temporal evolution and magnetic field dependence of the long-lived photon echo signal.
We theoretically study the dynamics of a strongly coupled quantum dot–bimodal microcavity system under an external magnetic field, where the nondegenerate excitonic spin states caused by the Zeeman effect are coupled to both orthogonal cavity modes. We develop an effective cavity quantum electrodynamics model, demonstrate the polarization-related nonlinear response under a linearly polarized pulse excitation by calculating the time-resolved intracavity photon number, and investigate the dependence of system parameters on the nonlinearity. In addition, we show that, when driven by two pulses with perpendicular polarization and a relative time delay, the coupled system suppresses the delayed one, which can be applied to polarized optical switching at a single-photon level.