Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Observation of Single Impurity Ions in a Crystal

Robert Lange, Wolfgang Grill, W. Martienssen

Published Jul 15, 1988• 33 citations

Abstract

The possibility to perform optical experiments with only a few impurity ions ( e.g. , 1 to 10) fixed in a crystal is demonstrated.

DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/6/6/005

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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Observation of Single Impurity Ions in a Crystal

Robert Lange, Wolfgang Grill, W. Martienssen

Published Jul 15, 1988• 33 citations

Publisher

Abstract

The possibility to perform optical experiments with only a few impurity ions ( e.g. , 1 to 10) fixed in a crystal is demonstrated.

DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/6/6/005

Related papers

Interaction of Acoustic Excitations with Optically - Coherent States of Impurity Ions in Crystals.

D.M. Boye

Jan 1, 19890 citations

Dynamics of a single ion-spin impurity in a spin-polarized atomic bath

Henning A. Fürst, Thomas Feldker, Norman Vincenz Ewald +3 more

We report on observations of spin dynamics in single ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ ions immersed in a cold cloud of spin-polarized $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ atoms. This species combination has been proposed to be the most suitable system to reach the quantum regime in atom-ion experiments. For $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}$ , we find that the atomic bath polarizes the spin of the ion by 93(4)% after a few Langevin collisions, pointing to strong spin-exchange rates. For the hyperfine ground states of $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}$ , we also find strong rates towards spin polarization. However, relaxation towards the $F=0$ ground state occurs after 7.7(1.5) Langevin collisions. We investigate spin impurity atoms as a possible source of apparent spin-relaxation leading us to interpret the observed spin-relaxation rates as an upper limit. Using ab initio electronic structure and quantum scattering calculations, we explain the observed rates and analyze their implications for the possible observation of Feshbach resonances between atoms and ions once the quantum regime is reached.We report on observations of spin dynamics in single ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ ions immersed in a cold cloud of spin-polarized $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ atoms. This species combination has been proposed to be the most suitable system to reach the quantum regime in atom-ion experiments. For $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}$, we find that the atomic bath polarizes the spin of the ion by 93(4)% after a few Langevin collisions, pointing to strong spin-exchange rates. For the hyperfine ground states of $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}$, we also find strong rates towards spin polarization. However, relaxation towards the $F=0$ ground state occurs after 7.7(1.5) Langevin collisions. We investigate spin impurity atoms as a possible source of apparent spin-relaxation leading us to interpret the observed spin-relaxation rates as an upper limit. Using ab initio electronic structure and quantum scattering calculations, we explain the observed rates and analyze their implications for the possible observation of Feshbach resonances between atoms and ions once the quantum regime is reached.

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Randall G. Hulet, Jonas Bergquist, Wayne M. Itano +3 more

Several experiments performed at NBS using a single (or few) trapped atomic ions are described. We recently observed the ‘‘quantum jumps’’ in the fluorescence from a single ion of Mg+ due to spontaneous Raman transitions between the energy levels of the ion. In this system, a single laser is used to induce transitions between Zeeman sub‐levels of the ion. As with other realizations of quantum jumps, the dynamics of the population evolution is governed by an effective two‐level rate equation. A novel coherence phenomenon between excited state sub‐levels makes this system ideally suited for quantitatively testing the quantum jump theory. Our data are consistent with theory to within the measurement precision of 2%. Images of two to four ions which have been laser‐cooled until they ‘‘crystallize’’ are displayed and several other recent single ion experiments are mentioned.Several experiments performed at NBS using a single (or few) trapped atomic ions are described. We recently observed the ‘‘quantum jumps’’ in the fluorescence from a single ion of Mg+ due to spontaneous Raman transitions between the energy levels of the ion. In this system, a single laser is used to induce transitions between Zeeman sub‐levels of the ion. As with other realizations of quantum jumps, the dynamics of the population evolution is governed by an effective two‐level rate equation. A novel coherence phenomenon between excited state sub‐levels makes this system ideally suited for quantitatively testing the quantum jump theory. Our data are consistent with theory to within the measurement precision of 2%. Images of two to four ions which have been laser‐cooled until they ‘‘crystallize’’ are displayed and several other recent single ion experiments are mentioned.

AIP conference proceedingsJan 1, 19880 citations

We report on observations of spin dynamics in single

{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}

ions immersed in a cold cloud of spin-polarized

^{6}\mathrm{Li}

atoms. This species combination has been proposed to be the most suitable system to reach the quantum regime in atom-ion experiments. For

^{174}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}

, we find that the atomic bath polarizes the spin of the ion by 93(4)% after a few Langevin collisions, pointing to strong spin-exchange rates. For the hyperfine ground states of

^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}

, we also find strong rates towards spin polarization. However, relaxation towards the

F=0

ground state occurs after 7.7(1.5) Langevin collisions. We investigate spin impurity atoms as a possible source of apparent spin-relaxation leading us to interpret the observed spin-relaxation rates as an upper limit. Using ab initio electronic structure and quantum scattering calculations, we explain the observed rates and analyze their implications for the possible observation of Feshbach resonances between atoms and ions once the quantum regime is reached.

In low-concentration Tm

{}^{3+}

:YAG, we observe efficient adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) of thulium nuclear spin over flipping times much longer than

{T}_{2}

. Efficient ARP with long flipping time has been observed in monoatomic solids for decades and has been analyzed in terms of spin temperature and of the thermodynamic equilibrium of a coupled spin ensemble. In low-concentration impurity-doped crystals the spin temperature concept may be questioned. A single spin model should be preferred since the impurity ions are weakly coupled together but interact with the numerous off-resonant matrix ions that originate the spin-spin relaxation. The experiment takes place in the context of quantum information investigation, involving impurity-doped crystals, spin hyperpolarization by optical pumping, and optical detection of the spin evolution.