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Chemical Physics Letters

Electric-field-induced modulation of spin echoes of N-V centers in diamond

Eric van Oort, Max Glasbeek

Published May 1, 1990• 155 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0009-2614(90)85665-y

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Electric-field measurement in emerging power systems requires compatibility with multiple frequency bands, high field strengths, and complex electromagnetic environments. This study proposes a low-frequency AC electric-field amplitude reconstructed method based on the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. A Hahn–echo sequence converts the electric-field-induced quantum phase accumulation into NV fluorescence variations, and the field amplitude is retrieved through time-domain fitting and frequency-domain feature extraction. A parallel-plate electric-field generator was first calibrated using a standard electro-optic probe, followed by measurements at 2500 Hz. With the electro-optic probe result as the reference, the reconstructed electric-field amplitudes showed good quantitative agreement in the moderate-field range, with a best single-point absolute deviation of 0.0219 kV/m, while larger deviations were observed at the lower and higher ends of the tested amplitude range. By adjusting the Hahn–echo sequence to match different field periods, amplitudes at 1500 Hz and 2000 Hz were also successfully retrieved. The results demonstrate that the method is applicable to narrowband AC electric fields at known frequencies within a certain range, supporting an experimental basis for applying quantum sensing technology to power-equipment condition monitoring and measurements in complex electromagnetic environments.

Applied Sciences•Aug 26, 2026•0 citations
Quantum memories for optical and microwave photons provide key functionalities in quantum processing and communications. Here we propose a protocol well adapted to solid-state ensemble-based memories coupled to cavities. It is called Stark echo modulation memory (SEMM) and allows large storage bandwidths and low noise. This is achieved in an echo-like sequence combined with phase shifts induced by small electric fields through the linear Stark effect. We investigated the protocol for rare-earth nuclear spins and found a high suppression of unwanted collective emissions that is compatible with single-photon-level operation. Broadband storage together with high fidelity for the Stark retrieval process is also demonstrated. SEMM could be used to store optical or microwave photons in ions and/or spins. This includes nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and rare-earth-doped crystals, which are among the most promising solid-state quantum memories.
Quantum emitters in diamond are leading optically accessible solid-state qubits. Among these, Group IV-vacancy defect centers have attracted great interest as coherent and stable optical interfaces to long-lived spin states. Theory indicates that their inversion symmetry provides first-order insensitivity to stray electric fields, a common limitation for optical coherence in any host material. Here we experimentally quantify this electric field dependence via an external electric field applied to individual tin-vacancy (SnV) centers in diamond. These measurements reveal that the permanent electric dipole moment and polarizability are at least 4 orders of magnitude smaller than for the diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers, representing the first direct measurement of the inversion symmetry protection of a Group IV defect in diamond. Moreover, we show that by modulating the electric-field-induced dipole we can use the SnV as a nanoscale probe of local electric field noise, and we employ this technique to highlight the effect of spectral diffusion on the SnV.
Electric-field measurement in emerging power systems requires compatibility with multiple frequency bands, high field strengths, and complex electromagnetic environments. This study proposes a low-frequency AC electric-field amplitude reconstructed method based on the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. A Hahn–echo sequence converts the electric-field-induced quantum phase accumulation into NV fluorescence variations, and the field amplitude is retrieved through time-domain fitting and frequency-domain feature extraction. A parallel-plate electric-field generator was first calibrated using a standard electro-optic probe, followed by measurements at 2500 Hz. With the electro-optic probe result as the reference, the reconstructed electric-field amplitudes showed good quantitative agreement in the moderate-field range, with a best single-point absolute deviation of 0.0219 kV/m, while larger deviations were observed at the lower and higher ends of the tested amplitude range. By adjusting the Hahn–echo sequence to match different field periods, amplitudes at 1500 Hz and 2000 Hz were also successfully retrieved. The results demonstrate that the method is applicable to narrowband AC electric fields at known frequencies within a certain range, supporting an experimental basis for applying quantum sensing technology to power-equipment condition monitoring and measurements in complex electromagnetic environments.