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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Review of recent progresses at INRIM on studies on quantum communication

G. Brida, Marco Genovese, Marco Gramegna, Leonid A. Krivitsky, Fabrizio Piacentini

Published Aug 31, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we will present some experimental researches about Quantum Communication performed in "Carlo Novero" Quantum Optics laboratory at INRiM (former IEN). After a general review of our studies, we will describe our recent researches on propagation of polarization entangled photons in optical fibres focused on the investigation of the effect of two-photon interference in the second-order Glauber's correlation function and on the characterization of this quantum channel as a Complete Positive (CP) map. We will then describe an innovative method, based on detectors operating in Geiger mode (on/off), for reconstructing the photon statistics of quantum optical states, presenting experimental data collected to test the extension of this method to multi-partite states.

DOI
10.1117/12.678765

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In this paper we will present some experimental researches about Quantum Communication performed in "Carlo Novero" Quantum Optics laboratory at INRiM (former IEN). After a general review of our studies, we will describe our recent researches on propagation of polarization entangled photons in optical fibres focused on the investigation of the effect of two-photon interference in the second-order Glauber's correlation function and on the characterization of this quantum channel as a Complete Positive (CP) map. We will then describe an innovative method, based on detectors operating in Geiger mode (on/off), for reconstructing the photon statistics of quantum optical states, presenting experimental data collected to test the extension of this method to multi-partite states.
In this paper we will present some of the work performed at INRIM on the application of quantum optical states to quantum information and metrology. In particular we will consider some specific tools needed for quantum information researches as the characterization of the quantum optical states, communication lines and detectors. In little more detail, after a general presentation of the activity of our lab, we will describe a series of experiments where we have reconstructed the statistics of various quantum optical states with an innovative method based on a "variable" quantum efficiency of detectors. The success of the presented applications and the simplicity of the method suggest a possible widespread applicability of it. We will then describe our work on photo-detectors calibration by exploiting PDC light and in particular the extension to analog detectors. Finally, we will mention some research in progress on the effects of the communication line (fiber, open air) on the transmitted quantum state.
In this proceeding we present the most recent studies performed at IEN "Galileo Ferraris" on quantum information by using quantum optical states. After a general summary of the most recent studies, among them we will present in some details the results of two recent experiments. The first was addressed to tomographic reconstruction of a quantum state by using an innovative theoretical scheme based on a variable quantum efficiency of the detector. This scheme has been applied to Fock (PDC heralded photons), coherent (attenuated laser beam) and thermal states, for which experimental results will be presented. The second was pointed to experimentally investigate the effects of fibre propagation of PDC light produced in a type II crystal and, in particular, to the restoration of entanglement due to wave packet dispersion. Also in this case we will present and discuss our most recent data. Finally, we will shortly acknowledge of realisation of a heralded photon source with strong spectral selection.
We present two recent results achieved in INRIM laboratories paving the way for next future commercial use of quantum imaging techniques. The first exploits non-classical photon statistics of single nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond for realising super-resolution. A little more in detail we demonstrate that the measurement of high order correlation functions allows overcoming Abbe limit. The second exploits ghost imaging in a specific case of practical interest, i.e. in measuring magnetic structures in garnets.
This paper's purpose is to review the results recently obtained in the Quantum Optics labs of the National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM) in the field of single- and few-photon detectors calibration, from both the classical and quantum viewpoint. In the first part of the paper is presented the calibration of a single-photon detector with absolute methods, while in the second part we focus on photon-number-resolving detectors, discussing both the classical and quantum characterization of such devices.
In this paper we will show some recent experiments performed in the "Carlo Novero" labs of the Optics Division of the National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM, Torino, Italy), in order to discriminate between Standard Quantum Mechanics and some specific, restricted class of Hidden Variable Theories (HVTs). The first experiment will be on the testing of two restricted Local Realistic Theories (LRTs) [1, 2], properly built to describe polarization entangled photons experiments, whose inequalities are not affected by the detection loophole. The second and third experiments instead will perform the Alicki – Van Ryn non-classicality test [3] on single particles, by means of two different setups based on heralded single photon sources.
We review some recent experimental progress concerning foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information obtained in the Carlo Novero Quantum Optics Laboratory at IENGF. After a short presentation of our polarization-entangled photon source (based on precise superposition of two type I PDC emissions) and of the results obtained with it, we describe in more detail an innovative double slit experiment where two degenerate photons produced by PDC are each sent to a specific slit. Beyond representing an interesting example of the relation between the visibility of interference and welcher Weg knowledge, this configuration has been suggested for testing de Broglie-Bohm theory (dBB) against standard quantum mechanics (SQM). Our results perfectly fit SQM results but disagree with dBB predictions. Then, we discuss a recent experiment addressed at clarifying the issue of which wave-particle observables are really to be considered when discussing wave-particle duality. This experiments realizes the theoretical proposal of Agarwal et al. , overcoming the limitations of a previous experiment. Finally, we hint at the realization of a high-intensity high-spectral-selectivity PDC source to be used for quantum information studies.