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Journal of Applied Physics

Monte Carlo simulation of a cesium atom beam in a magnetic field

Jiang Chen, Zhu Hong-wei, Yinguang Ma, Detian Li, Liu Zhidong, Ji Wang

Published Mar 5, 2015• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present Monte Carlo simulations of the deflection of a beam of 133Cs atoms in a two wire magnetic field. Our results reveal the relationship between transmission rate of the atoms and incident parameters. Incident angle and position of the beam with maximum transmission are obtained from the simulations. The effect of the deflection field on the spatial distribution (beam profile) of 133Cs is derived. The method will help with the design of magnetic deflection experiments and to extract the magnetic properties from such experiments.

DOI
10.1063/1.4914115

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We present Monte Carlo simulations of the deflection of a beam of 133Cs atoms in a two wire magnetic field. Our results reveal the relationship between transmission rate of the atoms and incident parameters. Incident angle and position of the beam with maximum transmission are obtained from the simulations. The effect of the deflection field on the spatial distribution (beam profile) of 133Cs is derived. The method will help with the design of magnetic deflection experiments and to extract the magnetic properties from such experiments.
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We perform a new scheme of magnetic state selection in optically detected compact cesium beam clocks. Unlike the conventional method, we select atoms in the ground state |F = 4, mF ≠ -4⟩ by pointing the atomic collimator to the convex pole of the magnet realizing the two-wire magnetic field and detect atoms in |F = 3⟩ after interacting with the microwave field using a distributed feedback laser. The fluorescence background is greatly reduced as the inherent residual atoms |F = 4, mF = -4⟩ are avoided in this reversed scheme. The velocity distribution is narrowed, and the most probable velocity is decreased, since atomic trajectories are close to the weak-field region. We also investigate the relationship between the position of the atomic collimator and the distributions of the atomic beam, which is consistent with the Monte Carlo-based simulation model. By applying the reversed scheme and setting the deviated position of the collimator to 1.3 mm, the signal contrast is improved from 0.7 to 3, and the short-term frequency stability reaches 3.0 × 10-12 τ-1/2, nearly three times better than that of the high-performance version of Microsemi 5071A.
One of the main limitations of cesium atomic fountains has been the cold collision frequency shift. By using a method based on a transfer of population by adiabatic passage allowing to prepare cold atomic samples with a well defined ratio of atomic density as well as atom number the collisional shift is controlled at the 10E-3 of its value. A calibration of Zeeman sub-states contribution to the clock shift as a function of the field has been performed. Feshbach resonances have been observed for the first time at very low magnetic field and with a very good resolution. A Monte Carlo simulation has been performed and could fit properly some of experimental data. This constrains some parameters of the theory of collisions.
The magnetic deflection of a europium atomic beam through a state-selective system consisting of a two-or six-pole magnet was investigated. Main interest was focused on realizing high selectivity and large transmittance solid angle of the state-selective system by properly choosing the parameters of the system. The results could be used in the experiments, such as non-alkali isotope enrichment by magne-tic deflection of a polarized atomic beam, in which a high selectivity and a large transmittance solid angle of the state-selective system are required.
An experimental investigation of the effects of magnetic field on cooling and trapping of neutral atoms is presented. Applied to optical molasses, a static magnetic field often produces spectacular effects. It can either induce a sub-Doppler cooling effect or shift a sub-Doppler-cooled atomic sample away from its zero-velocity position. Some of the effects have potential applications in the manipulation of cesium atoms (deflecting an atomic beam or launching an optical molasses into an atomic fountain) and can probably be used in the development of a future cesium atomic frequency standard. The observed experimental effects are interpreted by simple physical models and calculations.>
We report what is to our knowledge the first experimental observation of the deflection of a light beam at the interface of a glass window and Cs vapor in a transverse-magnetic field. The effect is detected as a parallel displacement of a laser beam transmitted through a Cs vapor cell. We measured its dependence on field strength and laser power near the D2 line. The observed displacement (≈30 nm for 50 G) corresponds to a deflection angle of 1.5 μrad. The experimental values are in reasonable agreement with a model that relates the effect to the magnetic circular dichroism. At moderate power levels, nonlinear contributions enhance the effect by several orders of magnitude.