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Physics of Wave Phenomena

Non-Faraday rotation of the photon echo polarization vector under variation in the interval between exciting pulses and its application to range finding

K.Sh. Gazizov, I. I. Popov, Сидорова Вера Тагировна

Published Feb 24, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Formation modes are investigated and detection accuracy is evaluated for the non-Faraday rotation of the polarization vector of the photon echo in a gas. Possible applications of this effect for construction of optical measuring systems are discussed.
DOI
10.3103/s1541308x12010025

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EPJ Web of Conferences•Jan 1, 2017•0 citations
A retrospective review of both theoretical and experimental works on photon echo in gases in the presence of longitudinal magnetic fields is presented from the viewpoint of new possibilities opened by this research for polarization echo spectroscopy of gases. The main attention is given to the physical scenario of the magnetic field’s effect on the properties of the photon echo. New results on the photon echo and stimulated photon echo in ytterbium vapor at the 1 ↔ 0 transition in the presence of the longitudinal magnetic field whose strength ranges from weak to strong are presented. Possible applications of the magnetic field effects for optical data storage and processing are analyzed.
Non-Faraday rotation of photon-echo polarization was investigated at the $J=1\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=0$ transition in a wide range of longitudinal magnetic field strength. The echo was generated at the intercombination transition $(6s6p)^{3}P_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(6{s}^{2})^{1}S_{0}$ of 174Yb^{174}\mathrm{Yb}174Yb by two resonant laser pulses of linear (parallel or mutually orthogonal) polarization. A detailed analysis of the echo polarization performed by an angled echo technique has shown quite different behavior in the weak and strong magnetic field limits. The photon echo has polarization close to linear at a magnetic field strength $\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\leqslant}5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$; its polarization plane rotates around the magnetic field vector clockwise or counterclockwise depending on the magnetic field orientation relative to the wave vector. The photon-echo polarization components and echo power oscillate as functions of B\mathcal{B}B. As the magnetic field increases, the oscillations become smaller and almost disappear at a magnetic field $\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\approx}40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$; the photon echo does not disappear at this magnetic field, but its polarization vector no longer has a preferred orientation. Numerical calculations of the photon echo generated at a spectral wide line agree with the experimental behavior of the photon-echo polarization for an arbitrary magnetic field.
We report a novel method for the observation of photon echoes and other coherent transient effects. In this method, the polarization, direction, and frequency of the polarized coherent radiation emitted by a system are switched by optical pulses. We apply this method to detect photon echoes generated on the $6{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}7{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ transition in atomic thallium by two collinear and vertically polarized excitation pulses which are separated by 20 nsec. At the time of the echo, two orthogonally polarized probe pulses resonant with the $6{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{-}7{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ transition of atomic thallium are applied to the sample to switch the photon echo from its original polarization and direction. A horizontally polarized photon echo with its propagation vector turned by about 10 mrad and its axis of polarization rotated by 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} is detected. No electro-optical shutter is used in the experiment. The echo signal disappears either when one of the probe pulses is blocked or when both probe pulses are horizontally or vertically polarized. Echo polarization switching is also demonstrated using an unpolarized probe pulse applied prior to the echo formation time.
Detailed experimental analysis of photon echo polarization in a longitudinal magnetic field is performed for the first time at the simplest quantum transition J = 1 ↔ J = 0 for which the non-Faraday rotation of photon echo polarization plane was predicted. The echo was generated at the intercombination transition (6s6p) 3P1 → (6s2) 1S0 of 174Yb by two resonant laser pulses of linear (parallel or mutually orthogonal) polarization, and the angled echo optical scheme was applied for the detection. At the magnetic field strength ℬ ⩽ 5 G the photon echo has polarization very close to linear one; its polarization plane rotates around magnetic field vector, and photon echo polarization components and integral echo power oscillate versus ℬ from its maximum value to zero, in agreement with theory. At a stronger magnetic field ℬ ∼ 40 G photon echo power oscillations disappear, no preferable orientation of polarization vector is observed; the fluctuations of exciting radiation spectrum are supposed to be responsible for this "non-polarized" echo.
In the limit of small exciting light-pulse areas the amplitude and polarization of the tri-level photon echo in gases formed by the exciting pulses with arbitrary shapes are obtained. It is shown that the dependence of the tri-level photon echo signal on the mutual orientation of the exciting pulse polarization vectors may be used to determine the optical coherence-matrix relaxation characteristics for an optically forbidden transition. The conditions under which a tri-level photon echo pulse repeats the shape of each of the exciting pulses are defined. It is proved that the tri-level photon-echo polarization properties do not depend on the shapes of the exciting pulses, either for small light-pulse areas or for the tri-level echo formation on narrow spectral lines.