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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Helicity-Dependent Inhibited Fluorescence in a Forbidden Three-Level System: Sensitive Detection of Orientation in the 7 S State of Cesium

Michel Lintz, Jocelyne Guéna, Ph. Jacquier, L Pottier, Marie-Anne Bouchiat

Published Jul 1, 1987• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Oriented 7 S Cs atoms, prepared by a circularly polarized laser exciting the forbidden 6 S → 7 S transition, perform stimulated emission in the 7 S → 6 P 3/2 transition driven by a second circularly polarized laser. Modulation of both helicities and detection of the cross-modulation in the 7 S → 6 P 1/2 fluorescence proves to be a sensitive method for studying the orientation of the 7 S state, an interesting feature as regards future parity violation measurements. Agreement with a simplified, fully analytical treatment is illustrated.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/4/1/009

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Oriented 7 S Cs atoms, prepared by a circularly polarized laser exciting the forbidden 6 S → 7 S transition, perform stimulated emission in the 7 S → 6 P 3/2 transition driven by a second circularly polarized laser. Modulation of both helicities and detection of the cross-modulation in the 7 S → 6 P 1/2 fluorescence proves to be a sensitive method for studying the orientation of the 7 S state, an interesting feature as regards future parity violation measurements. Agreement with a simplified, fully analytical treatment is illustrated.
With a view to improved parity violation measurements in Cs, we have considered the 6S-7S-6P3/2 « forbidden three-level system », in which one laser excites the forbidden 6S-7S transition while a second, colinear laser probes the excited 7S atoms. This paper presents an analytical calculation of the 7S → 6P ½ fluorescence intensity and of the probe amplification as functions of the laser frequencies. The collisional processes in the 6P 3/2 resonance level, as well as the level multiplicity and the laser polarizations are taken into account. The quantitative agreement with experiment is good ; in particular, the observed sub-Doppler structures are correctly described. The damping rates of the 7S-6P3/2 cohérence and of the trapped 6P3/2 atoms are extracted. New détection schemes for detecting a 7S orientation, with direct possible extension to an alignment, are demonstrated.
Measurements of collisional depolarization cross sections play an important role in gaining valuable information about the interaction between inert and rare-gas atoms.A key element in understanding collisional dynamics is the detailed analysis of the polarization of the emitted photons.In order to investigate the collisional cross section of the excited J=1/2 cesium atoms, by collisions with the ground level argon atoms, experimental measurements were made studying circular polarization spectra.Orientation in the J=1/2 level was optically induced by circularly polarized light with a positive helicity.A two-photon double-resonance (6s 2 S 1/2 →6p 2 P 1/2 → 10s 2 S 1/2 ) condition was achieved using nanosecond pulsed dye lasers, and the intensity of the cascade fluorescence was monitored in the presence of argon atoms ranging from 10 -4 torr to 100 torr.
We have experimentally investigated the anisotropy-dependent circular polarization spectra of the 133Cs^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs $6s^{2}S_{1∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6p^{2}P_{3∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}10s^{2}S_{1∕2}$ double-resonance transition in the presence of Ar. Satisfaction of double-resonance condition, achieved by use of a two-photon two-color pulse laser excitation scheme, was monitored by measurement of the intensity of the $9p^{2}P_{1∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6s^{2}S_{1∕2}$ cascade fluorescence at 361.73nm361.73\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}361.73nm. In the experiment anisotropies, namely, alignment and orientation in the 6p2P3∕26p^{2}P_{3∕2}6p2P3∕2​ level, were produced from circularly polarized light with positive helicity. Then, a circular polarization degree was measured when both lasers were circularly polarized with positive helicities, and alternately positive and negative helicities for the $6p^{2}P_{3∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}10s^{2}S_{1∕2}$ transition. From the measurement, we obtained the orientation-dependent depolarization cross section in the 6p2P3∕26p^{2}P_{3∕2}6p2P3∕2​ level due to collisions with ground-level argon atoms. A disorientation cross section value of 151 (42)A˚2(42)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}(42)A˚2 is reported.
We discuss experimental and theoretical studies of coherent excitation of magnetic sublevels in nD states of cesium that cross in an external electric field. Crossings of mF magnetic sublevels of hyperfine F levels with &Dgr;mF = ±2 lead to resonances in the linearly polarized laser induced fluorescence, while crossings with &Dgr;mF = ±1 lead to resonances in the circularly polarized laser induced fluorescence. These resonances can be exploited to observe alignment to orientation conversion. From the level crossing signals it is possible to measure atomic properties, such as the tensor polarizability &agr;2 and the hyperfine constant A. Alignment to orientation conversion involves the deformation of the spatial distribution of an atom's angular momentum.
This paper presents our experimental strategy for detecting an electric-field controlled pulsed-excited highly forbidden transition such as the 6S-7S transition of the Cs atom. The amplification of a pulsed probe beam close to resonance for one hfs component of the 7S – 6P3/2 transition is monitored. Furthermore the polarization modification experienced by the probe beam as a result of its interaction with the vapor is meticulously analysed. In convincing examples we point out the high sensitivity and complete selectivity of the method for the angular anisotropy of the 7S state, such as orientation or alignment created in the 6S-7S excitation process. We illustrate the flexibility of the method by varying the pump-probe delay, or by changing the relative positions of the beams or the magnitude of the E-field that directly controls the optical gain. A smooth transition from linear amplification to triggered superradiance is observed which necessitates readjustment of the probe intensity for optimal detection. We demonstrate the vapor-induced enhancement of the amplification anisotropy, expected at high optical density.
We have detected, by using stimulated emission, an atomic parity violation (APV) in the form of a chiral optical gain of a cesium vapor on the 7S-6P(3/2) transition, consecutive to linearly polarized 6S-7S excitation. We demonstrate the validity of this detection method of APV, by presenting a 9% accurate measurement of expected sign and magnitude. We stress several advantages of this new approach which fully exploits the cylindrical symmetry of the setup. Future measurements at the percent level will provide an important cross-check of an existing more precise result obtained by a different method.