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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Phenomenological renormalization-group calculations for 12- and 16-vertex models on a square lattice

Jürgen F. Stilck, Mário J. de Oliveira, Silvio R. A. Salinas

Published Nov 1, 1984• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We performed phenomenological renormalization-group calculations for ferroelectric 12- and 16-vertex models on a square lattice with periodic and helical boundary conditions. We considered strips of infinite length and finite widths ($n=1\ensuremath{-}7,8, or 9$). The extrapolated values for the transition temperature of the 12-vertex model, which has been used for assessing the transition in squaric acid, are lower than the predictions of the Bethe approximation. The estimates for the critical exponent $\ensuremath{\nu}$ do not allow a definite conclusion about its asymptotic behavior, although the Ising value $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$ seems more plausible. The estimates for the 16-vertex model considered in this paper, which is equivalent to an anisotropic nearest-neighbor Ising model, show an excellent convergence to the exact values. Also, we analyze the finite-size scaling behavior of the critical free energy of both models.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.30.5326

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We performed phenomenological renormalization-group calculations for ferroelectric 12- and 16-vertex models on a square lattice with periodic and helical boundary conditions. We considered strips of infinite length and finite widths (n=1\ensuremath−7,8,or9n=1\ensuremath{-}7,8, or 9n=1\ensuremath−7,8,or9). The extrapolated values for the transition temperature of the 12-vertex model, which has been used for assessing the transition in squaric acid, are lower than the predictions of the Bethe approximation. The estimates for the critical exponent \ensuremathν\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremathν do not allow a definite conclusion about its asymptotic behavior, although the Ising value \ensuremathν=1\ensuremath{\nu}=1\ensuremathν=1 seems more plausible. The estimates for the 16-vertex model considered in this paper, which is equivalent to an anisotropic nearest-neighbor Ising model, show an excellent convergence to the exact values. Also, we analyze the finite-size scaling behavior of the critical free energy of both models.
By using self-dual clusters (whose sizes are characterized by the numbers b=2,3,4,5b=2,3,4,5b=2,3,4,5), we calculate within a real-space renormalization-group framework, the longitudinal surface tension of the square-lattice first-neighbor \textonehalf{}-spin ferromagnetic Ising model. The exact critical temperature Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ is recovered for any value of bbb; the exact asymptotic behavior of the surface tension in the limit of low temperatures is analytically recovered; the approximate correlation-length critical exponents monotonically tend towards the exact value $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$ (which, for two dimensions, coincides with the surface-tension critical exponent $\ensuremath{\mu}$) for increasingly large cells; the same behavior is noticed in the approximate values for the surface-tension amplitude in the limit $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{c}$. We develop four different numerical procedures for extrapolating to $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ the renormalization-group (RG) results for the surface tension, and quite satisfactory agreement is obtained with Onsager's exact expression (error varying from zero to a few percent on the whole temperature domain). Furthermore, we compare the set of RG surface tensions with a set of biased surface tensions (associated with appropriate misfit seams) and find only fortuitous coincidence among them.
The Monte Carlo renormalization group is applied to the three-dimensional Ising model on simple cubic lattices with 83{8}^{3}83, 163{16}^{3}163, 323{32}^{3}323, and 643{64}^{3}643 sites. The comparison of block-spin correlation functions from the largest lattices yields the nearest-neighbor critical coupling K1c=0.221654(6){K}_{1}^{c}=0.221654(6)K1c​=0.221654(6). After allowing for (i) interpolation to this best estimate for K1c{K}_{1}^{c}K1c​, (ii) an apparent finite-size effect in the renormalization-group transformation due to the measurement of correlation functions of too few (seven) operators, and (iii) the extrapolation for the effect of a slow transient towards the fixed point, the values $\ensuremath{\nu}=0.629(4)$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.031(5)$ are obtained for the thermal and magnetic exponents. The correction-to-scaling exponent $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is estimated to be around 1; to obtain an accuracy competitive with other methods requires measurements with more than seven operators. We briefly review the problem of redundant operators and indicate the future prospects for this kind of calculation.
We have calculated finite-size correlation lengths for strips of the square-lattice Ising spin glass using the transfer-matrix method. In order to minimize sampling errors we study strip lengths up to 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}106{10}^{6}106 lattice spacings. A phenomenological renormalization-group analysis indicates that there are strong corrections to simple power-law scaling near the zero-temperature critical point, as is to be expected near a lower critical dimension. We examine models with Gaussian, exp(-J2{J}^{2}J2/2), and exponential, exp(-\ensuremath{\Vert}J\ensuremath{\Vert}), distributions of couplings; the Gaussian distribution shows stronger finite-size corrections. The correlation-length exponent is estimated to be \ensuremath{\nu}=4.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5, although we do not want to rule out the possibility that \ensuremath{\nu} is significantly larger than this.
Using transfer-matrix extended phenomenological renormalization-group methods [M.A.Yurishchev, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 83-84, 727 (2000); hep-lat/9908019; J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 91, 332 (2000); cond-mat/0108002] the improved estimates for the critical temperature of spin-1/2 Ising model on a simple-cubic lattice with partly anisotropic coupling strengths J⃗=(J′,J′,J){\vec J}=(J',J',J)J=(J′,J′,J) are obtained. Universality of both fundamental critical exponents yty_tyt​ and yhy_hyh​ is confirmed. We show also that the critical finite-size scaling amplitude ratios Aχ(4)Aκ/Aχ2A_{χ^{(4)}}A_κ/A_χ^2Aχ(4)​Aκ​/Aχ2​, Aκ′′/AχA_{κ^{''}}/A_χAκ′′​/Aχ​, and Aκ(4)/Aχ(4)A_{κ^{(4)}}/A_{χ^{(4)}}Aκ(4)​/Aχ(4)​ are independent of the lattice anisotropy parameter Δ=J′/JΔ=J'/JΔ=J′/J.
An analysis is made of various methods of phenomenological renormalization based on finite-size scaling equations for inverse correlation lengths, the singular part of the free energy density, and their derivatives. The analysis is made using two-dimensional Ising and Potts lattices and the three-dimensional Ising model. Variants of equations for the phenomenological renormalization group are obtained which ensure more rapid convergence than the conventionally used Nightingale phenomenological renormalization scheme. An estimate is obtained for the critical finite-size scaling amplitude of the internal energy in the threedimensional Ising model. It is shown that the two-dimensional Ising and Potts models contain no finite-size corrections to the internal energy so that the positions of the critical points for these models can be determined exactly from solutions for strips of finite width. It is also found that for the two-dimensional Ising model the scaling finite-size equation for the derivative of the inverse correlation length with respect to temperature gives the exact value of the thermal critical exponent. PACS: 05.10.Cc, 64.60.Ak, 05.50.+q, 75.10.Hk 1 1
The corrections to finite-size scaling in the critical two-point correlation function G(r) of 2D Ising model on a square lattice have been studied numerically by means of exact transfer-matrix algorithms. The systems of square geometry with periodic boundaries oriented either along <10> or along <11> direction have been considered, including up to 800 spins. The calculation of G(r) at a distance r equal to the half of the system size L shows the existence of an amplitude correction proportional to 1/L^2. A nontrivial correction proportional to 1/L^0.25 of a very small magnitude also has been detected in agreement with predictions of our recently developed GFD (grouping of Feynman diagrams) theory. A refined analysis of the recent MC data for 3D Ising, phi^4, and XY lattice models has been performed. It includes an analysis of the partition function zeros of 3D Ising model, an estimation of the correction-to-scaling exponent omega from the Binder cumulant data near criticality, as well as a study of the effective critical exponent eta and the effective amplitudes in the asymptotic expansion of susceptibility at the critical point. In all cases a refined analysis is consistent with our (GFD) asymptotic values of the critical exponents (nu=2/3, omega=1/2, eta=1/8 for 3D Ising model and omega=5/9 for 3D XY model), while the actually accepted "conventional" exponents are, in fact, effective exponents which are valid for approximation of the finite--size scaling behavior of not too large systems.