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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Finite-size scaling study of the two-dimensional Ising spin glass

David A. Huse, I. Morgenstern

Published Sep 1, 1985• 40 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have calculated finite-size correlation lengths for strips of the square-lattice Ising spin glass using the transfer-matrix method. In order to minimize sampling errors we study strip lengths up to 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{6}$ lattice spacings. A phenomenological renormalization-group analysis indicates that there are strong corrections to simple power-law scaling near the zero-temperature critical point, as is to be expected near a lower critical dimension. We examine models with Gaussian, exp(-${J}^{2}$/2), and exponential, exp(-\ensuremath{\Vert}J\ensuremath{\Vert}), distributions of couplings; the Gaussian distribution shows stronger finite-size corrections. The correlation-length exponent is estimated to be \ensuremath{\nu}=4.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5, although we do not want to rule out the possibility that \ensuremath{\nu} is significantly larger than this.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.32.3032

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We have calculated finite-size correlation lengths for strips of the square-lattice Ising spin glass using the transfer-matrix method. In order to minimize sampling errors we study strip lengths up to 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}106{10}^{6}106 lattice spacings. A phenomenological renormalization-group analysis indicates that there are strong corrections to simple power-law scaling near the zero-temperature critical point, as is to be expected near a lower critical dimension. We examine models with Gaussian, exp(-J2{J}^{2}J2/2), and exponential, exp(-\ensuremath{\Vert}J\ensuremath{\Vert}), distributions of couplings; the Gaussian distribution shows stronger finite-size corrections. The correlation-length exponent is estimated to be \ensuremath{\nu}=4.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5, although we do not want to rule out the possibility that \ensuremath{\nu} is significantly larger than this.
A transfer matrix method is used to study the variation with length scale L of the distribution P L (J eff ) of effective couplings in Ising spin glasses at zero temperature. For a gaussian initial distribution the authors find in two dimensions J(L) identical to ( mod J eff mod ) varies as L -1 nu / for 2<or=L<or=12, with nu =3.4+or-0.1, implying a zero-temperature phase transition with correlation length exponent nu . In three dimensions the effective couplings initially increase with length scale, J(L) varies as L -1 nu / for 2<or=L<or=4, with -1/ nu approximately=0.2, suggesting a phase transition at finite temperature. The results are described surprisingly well by the zero-temperature version of the Migdal-Kadanoff renormalisation group scheme.
We have studied the three-dimensional Ising spin glass with a ± J distribution by Monte Carlo simulations. Using larger sizes and much better statistics than in earlier work, a finite size scaling analysis shows quite strong evidence for a finite transition temperature, Tc, with ordering below Tc. Our estimate of the transition temperature is rather lower than in earlier work, and the value of the correlation length exponent, ν, is somewhat higher. Because there may be (unknown) corrections to finite size scaling, we do not completely rule out the possibility that Tc = 0 or that Tc is finite but with no order below Tc. However, from our data, these possibilities seem less likely.
The corrections to finite-size scaling in the critical two-point correlation function G(r) of 2D Ising model on a square lattice have been studied numerically by means of exact transfer-matrix algorithms. The systems have been considered, including up to 800 spins. The calculation of G(r) at a distance r equal to the half of the system size L shows the existence of an amplitude correction proportional to 1/L^2. A nontrivial correction ~1/L^0.25 of a very small magnitude also has been detected, as it can be expected from our recently developed GFD (grouping of Feynman diagrams) theory. Monte Carlo simulations of the squared magnetization of 3D Ising model have been performed by Wolff's algorithm in the range of the reduced temperatures t =< 0.000086 and system sizes L =< 410. The effective critical exponent beta_eff(t) tends to increase above the currently accepted numerical values. The critical coupling K_c=0.22165386(51) has been extracted from the Binder cumulant data within 96 =< L =< 384. The critical exponent 1/nu, estimated from the finite-size scaling of the derivatives of the Binder cumulant, tends to decrease slightly below the RG value 1.587 for the largest system sizes. The finite-size scaling of accurately simulated maximal values of the specific heat C_v in 3D Ising model confirms a logarithmic rather than power-like critical singularity of C_v.
We have studied the three-dimensional Ising spin glass with a $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J$ distribution by Monte Carlo simulations. Using larger sizes and much better statistics than in earlier work, a finite-size scaling analysis shows quite strong evidence for a finite transition temperature Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ with ordering below Tc{T}_{c}Tc​. Our estimate of the transition temperature is rather lower than in earlier work, and the value of the correlation length exponent $\ensuremath{\nu}$ is somewhat higher. Because there may be (unknown) corrections to finite-size scaling, we do not completely rule out the possibility that Tc=0{T}_{c}=0Tc​=0 or that Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ is finite but with no order below Tc{T}_{c}Tc​. However, from our data, these possibilities seem less likely.
We study the correlation length of the two-dimensional Ising spin glass with a Gaussian distribution of interactions, using an efficient Monte Carlo algorithm, proposed by Houdayer, that allows larger sizes and lower temperatures to be studied than was possible before. We find that the ``effective'' value of the bulk correlation length exponent $\ensuremath{\nu}$ increases as the temperature is lowered, and, at low temperatures, apparently approaches $\ensuremath{-}1∕\ensuremath{\theta}$, where $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\simeq}\ensuremath{-}0.29$ is the stiffness exponent obtained at zero temperature. This means scaling is satisfied and earlier results at higher temperatures that find a smaller value for $\ensuremath{\nu}$ are affected by corrections to scaling.
We present the results of numerical simulations on Ising spin glasses in zero magnetic field with nearest-neighbor interactions on hyper-cubic lattices in two, three, and four dimensions with both Gaussian and \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J bond distributions. Finite-size scaling is used to analyze the results. In two dimensions (d=2) we agree with earlier work that the transition temperature is at Tc{T}_{c}Tc​=0, and obtain the correlation-length exponent \ensuremath{\nu}, and the exponent \ensuremath{\eta}, at the zero-temperature transition for the \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J model. In d=3 dimensions we concentrate on results for the Gaussian distribution, since our results for the \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J distribution have been presented earlier. As expected, we find similar results for the two distributions, namely a nonzero Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ but evidence that d=3 is close to the lower critical dimension. In a four-dimensional spin glass with Gaussian bonds we find that only a modest amount of computer time is required to show that Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ is nonzero with a long-range-ordered phase below Tc{T}_{c}Tc​. Our estimates for critical exponents in d=4 dimensions agree well with results from recent high-temperature-series expansions.