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International Journal of Modern Physics A

Nonlinear Schrödinger Model with Boundary, Integrability and Scattering Matrix Based on the Degenerate Affine Hecke Algebra

Yasushi Komori, Kazuhiro Hikami

Published Dec 10, 1997• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The δ-function interacting many-body systems (nonlinear Schrödinger models) on an infinite interval and with boundary are studied by use of the integrable differential-difference operators, so-called Dunkl operators. These models are related with the classical root systems of type A and BC, and we give a systematic method to construct these integrable operators. This method is based on the infinite-dimensional representation for solutions of the classical Yang–Baxter equation and the classical reflection equation. In addition the scattering matrices of the boundary nonlinear Schrödinger model are investigated.

DOI
10.1142/s0217751x97002887

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The δ-function interacting many-body systems (nonlinear Schrödinger models) on an infinite interval and with boundary are studied by use of the integrable differential-difference operators, so-called Dunkl operators. These models are related with the classical root systems of type A and BC, and we give a systematic method to construct these integrable operators. This method is based on the infinite-dimensional representation for solutions of the classical Yang–Baxter equation and the classical reflection equation. In addition the scattering matrices of the boundary nonlinear Schrödinger model are investigated.
We study certain non-symmetric wavefunctions associated with the quantum nonlinear Schrödinger model, introduced by Komori and Hikami using Gutkin’s propagation operator, which involves representations of the degenerate affine Hecke algebra. We highlight how these functions can be generated using a vertex-type operator formalism similar to the recursion defining the symmetric (Bethe) wavefunction in the quantum inverse scattering method. Furthermore, some of the commutation relations encoded in the Yang–Baxter equation for the relevant monodromy matrix are generalized to the non-symmetric case.
The generalized elliptic Ruijsenaars models, which are regarded as a difference analog of the Calogero–Sutherland–Moser models associated with the classical root systems are studied. The integrability and the duality using the fusion procedure of operator-valued solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation and the reflection equation are shown. In particular a new integrable difference operator of type-D is proposed. The trigonometric models are also considered in terms of the representation of the affine Hecke algebra.
The properties of exactly integrable two-dimensional quantum systems are reviewed and discussed. The nature of exact integrability as a physical phenomenon and various aspects of the mathematical formalism are explored by discussing several examples, including detailed treatments of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger (delta-function gas) model, the massive Thirring model, and the six-vertex (ice) model. The diagonalization of a Hamiltonian by Bethe's Ansatz is illustrated for the nonlinear Schr\"od\'{\i}nger model, and the integral equation method of Lieb for obtaining the spectrum of the many-body system from periodic boundary conditions is reviewed. Similar methods are applied to the massive Thirring model, where the fermion-antifermion and bound-state spectrum are obtained explicitly by the integral equation method. After a brief review of the classical inverse scattering method, the quantum inverse method for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger model is introduced and shown to be an algebraization of the Bethe Ansatz technique. In the quantum inverse method, an auxiliary linear problem is used to define nonlocal operators which are functionals of the original local field on a fixed-time string of arbitrary length. The particular operators for which the string is infinitely long (free boundary conditions) or forms a closed loop around a cylinder (periodic boundary conditions) correspond to the quantized scattering data and have a special significance. One of them creates the Bethe eigenstates, while the other is the generating function for an infinite number of conservation laws. The analogous operators on a lattice are constructed for the symmetric six-vertex model, where the object which corresponds to a solution of the auxiliary linear problem is a string of vertices contracted over horizontal links (arrows). The relationship between the quantum inverse method and the transfer matrix formalism is exhibited. The inverse Gel'fand-Levitan transform which expresses the local field operator as a functional of the quantized scattering data is formulated for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, and some interesting properties of this transformation are noted, including its reduction to a Jordan-Wigner transformation in the limit of infinitely repulsive coupling.