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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Temperature and magnetic field effects on the coherent and saturating resonances in Λ- and V-type systems for the85Rb-D2transition

S. Mitra, Sekhar Dey, Md. Mabud Hossain, Pradip Narayan Ghosh, Biswajit Ray

Published Mar 13, 2013• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Variations of the coherent resonance, i.e. an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) peak with the cell temperature in Λ- and V-type systems are observed for the 85 Rb-D 2 transition. In a Λ-type system, the amplitude of the EIT peak gradually decreases and it is finally masked by the broadened optical pumping dips with the increase of the cell temperature. But for the V-type system, the EIT and the saturation peaks are greatly enhanced with the increase of the cell temperature. The effect of the external magnetic field on the EIT resonance is also investigated considering both types of systems. For the Λ-type system in place of a single EIT resonance, five transparency windows with broadened width and reduced contrast are obtained depending on the Zeeman levels formed by the applied magnetic field. In the V-type system, the coherent resonance peak could not be resolved in the presence of the external magnetic field, but a greater number of saturation peaks with broadened width appear in the probe transmission spectrum. A theoretical model is adopted to represent the experimental results. Good agreement is found between the experimental and numerically simulated results.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/46/7/075002

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Comparison of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) Spectra for Six-level Lambda \(\Lambda\) and Five-level V-type Systems

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Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is experimentally studied in a rubidium vapour cell (without buffer gas, both \(^{87}\)Rb and \(^{85}\)Rb present according to their natural abundance) kept within two-layers of \(\mu(\mu)\)-metal shields to avoid the effect of Earth's magnetic field on the energy levels of atomic rubidium. An external cavity diode laser (ECDL), used as a low power probe laser, is locked to the hyperfine cross-over peak of \(F = 2 \rightarrow F' = 2, 3\) transitions of \(^{87}\)Rb. The frequency of another ECDL, the pump laser, is set to scan the \(F=1 \rightarrow F' = 0, 1, 2\) transitions of \(^{87}\)Rb. These form the \(\Lambda\)-type six level system. In the V-type system, both the pump and the probe lasers share the same \(F = 2\) ground level. The probe beam coming out of the cell is detected by a low noise fast photodetector. The resulting spectra show signature of EIT in the "peak" for the \(\Lambda\)-type system and in the "dip" for the V-type system. Numerical calculation based simulated spectra are also compared with the experimental spectra. In both the cases very narrow EIT linewidth \((\Gamma_{t} < \Gamma)\) is observed even at high value of pump Rabi-frequency \((\Omega_{c}\gg \Gamma)\). Narrower value of EIT linewidth is due to Doppler averaging phenomena.

Journal of Atomic Molecular Condensate and Nano Physics•Dec 4, 2015•2 citations
Variations of the coherent resonance, i.e. an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) peak with the cell temperature in Λ- and V-type systems are observed for the 85 Rb-D 2 transition. In a Λ-type system, the amplitude of the EIT peak gradually decreases and it is finally masked by the broadened optical pumping dips with the increase of the cell temperature. But for the V-type system, the EIT and the saturation peaks are greatly enhanced with the increase of the cell temperature. The effect of the external magnetic field on the EIT resonance is also investigated considering both types of systems. For the Λ-type system in place of a single EIT resonance, five transparency windows with broadened width and reduced contrast are obtained depending on the Zeeman levels formed by the applied magnetic field. In the V-type system, the coherent resonance peak could not be resolved in the presence of the external magnetic field, but a greater number of saturation peaks with broadened width appear in the probe transmission spectrum. A theoretical model is adopted to represent the experimental results. Good agreement is found between the experimental and numerically simulated results.
Atomic coherence resonances such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) signals are observed in a Doppler broadened multi-level system for the D 2 line of 85 Rb atoms in a vapour cell considering different types of atom–laser coupling schemes. Besides the coherence resonances, the nonlinear resonances like velocity selective optical pumping (VSOP) dips and velocity selective resonances (VSR) are also observed for the non-zero velocity selective groups of atoms. In the presence of pump, control and probe laser fields, we observe two EIT signals in a double Λ-type system and two EIA signals in a double V -type system. We are able to see the EIA signal for the non-zero velocity group of atoms when the pump laser is locked with an open transition by a small red detuning. We also report the experimental observation of simultaneous EIT and EIA signals in a (Λ+ V )-type system. The effect of frequency tuning of the control laser is also studied in the presence of the frequency locked pump laser. A simple theoretical analysis explains the experimental results.
Abstract We study Λ-type Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) on the Rb D2 transition in a buffer-gas-free thermal vapor cell without anti-relaxation coating. Experimental data show well-resolved features due to velocity-selective optical pumping and one EIT resonance. The Zeeman splitting of the EIT line in magnetic fields up to 12 Gauss is investigated. One Zeeman component is free of the first-order shift and its second-order shift agrees well with theory. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of this magnetic-field-insensitive EIT resonance is reduced due to Doppler narrowing, scales linearly in Rabi frequency over the range studied, and reaches about 100 kHz at the lowest powers. These observations agree with an analytic model for a Doppler-broadened medium developed in (Javan et al 2002 Phys. Rev. A 66 013805; Lee et al 2003 Appl. Phys. B, Lasers Opt. (Germany) B 76, 33–9; Taichenachev et al 2000 JETP Lett. 72, 119). Numerical simulation using the Lindblad equation reveals that the transverse laser intensity distribution and two Λ-EIT systems must be included to fully account for the measured line width and line shape of the signals. Ground-state decoherence, caused by effects that include residual optical frequency fluctuations, atom-wall and trace-gas collisions, is discussed.
We observe the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra inside a nitrogen filled Rb vapour cell (Rb-N 2 ) in a five-level Λ-type system of D 2 transition of Rb atom. The high contrast EIT resonance in buffer gas filled Rb cell is obtained under our experimental conditions. The effect of velocity changing coherence preserving collisions to obtain the contrast resonance in buffer gas cell has been discussed. We measured the dependence of EIT width and height on pump intensity and find that the EIT width (FWHM) and peak height have a linear dependence on pump intensity. Our experimental results show that the presence of N2 buffer gas reduces the power broadening of the observed resonances.
Doppler narrowing, Zeeman and laser beam-shape effects in ΛΛΛ-type Electromagnetically Induced Transparency on the 85^{85}85Rb D2 line in a vapor cell
We study ΛΛΛ-type Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) on the Rb D2 transition in a buffer-gas-free thermal vapor cell without anti-relaxation coating. Experimental data show distinguished features of velocity-selective optical pumping and one EIT resonance. The Zeeman splitting of the EIT line in magnetic fields up to 12 Gauss is investigated. One Zeeman component is free of the first-order shift and its second-order shift agrees well with theory. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of this magnetic-field-insensitive EIT resonance is reduced due to Doppler narrowing, scales linearly in Rabi frequency over the range studied, and reaches about 100~kHz at the lowest powers. These observations agree with an analytic model for a Doppler-broadened medium developed in Ref. \cite{PhysRevA.66.013805,7653385}. Numerical simulation using the Lindblad equation reveals that the transverse laser intensity distribution and two ΛΛΛ-EIT systems must be included to fully account for the measured line width and line shape of the signals. Ground-state decoherence, caused by effects that include residual optical frequency fluctuations, atom-wall and trace-gas collisions, is discussed.
Abstract We have theoretically studied the multi-window electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and the related dispersive signals in multi-level V-type systems which are formed by the co-propagating circularly polarized pump ( σ − ) and probe ( σ + ) laser fields in the Zeeman sublevels of hyperfine states of 87 Rb-D 2 line. The optical Bloch equations (OBEs) are derived and numerically solved under the steady-state condition to obtain the probe absorption and dispersion spectra. We present the study of a single-window EIT for the three-level, double-window EIT for the four-level and triple-window EIT for the five-level V-type systems under both Doppler-free and Doppler-broadened conditions. The dispersive signals corresponding to the multi EIT windows for each system are also observed separately. From the knowledge of the slopes of the probe dispersion signals, we have calculated group index ( n g ) of the medium considering three different V-type schemes. The effect of temperature on the EIT, dispersion and group index profiles is also studied in detail. It is found that the amplitudes of EIT and dispersion signals and also the positive and negative values of n g are decreased as the temperature of the medium increases. To understand the Doppler-broadening effect on the group index profiles, we have considered three different velocity groups of atoms in the calculation of group index profiles. Moreover, the effects of probe intensity variation on the Doppler-broadened EIT and dispersive signals are studied extensively, and the conversions of EIT to EIA and dispersive positive slope to negative slope are observed under strong probe regime. Also, we have investigated the variation of dispersive slope and group index with the variation of probe intensity and probe frequency, respectively, at the multi-frequency position of the multi-window EIT. Finally, the switching between subluminal (slow light) to superluminal (fast light) propagation of light with the variation of both probe intensity and probe frequency is discussed in detail.
Comparison of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) Spectra for Six-level Lambda Λ\LambdaΛ and Five-level V-type Systems
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is experimentally studied in a rubidium vapour cell (without buffer gas, both 87^{87}87Rb and 85^{85}85Rb present according to their natural abundance) kept within two-layers of μ(μ)\mu(\mu)μ(μ)-metal shields to avoid the effect of Earth's magnetic field on the energy levels of atomic rubidium. An external cavity diode laser (ECDL), used as a low power probe laser, is locked to the hyperfine cross-over peak of F=2→F′=2,3F = 2 \rightarrow F' = 2, 3F=2→F′=2,3 transitions of 87^{87}87Rb. The frequency of another ECDL, the pump laser, is set to scan the F=1→F′=0,1,2F=1 \rightarrow F' = 0, 1, 2F=1→F′=0,1,2 transitions of 87^{87}87Rb. These form the Λ\LambdaΛ-type six level system. In the V-type system, both the pump and the probe lasers share the same F=2F = 2F=2 ground level. The probe beam coming out of the cell is detected by a low noise fast photodetector. The resulting spectra show signature of EIT in the "peak" for the Λ\LambdaΛ-type system and in the "dip" for the V-type system. Numerical calculation based simulated spectra are also compared with the experimental spectra. In both the cases very narrow EIT linewidth (Γt<Γ)(\Gamma_{t} < \Gamma)(Γt​<Γ) is observed even at high value of pump Rabi-frequency (Ωc≫Γ)(\Omega_{c}\gg \Gamma)(Ωc​≫Γ). Narrower value of EIT linewidth is due to Doppler averaging phenomena.