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Journal of Atomic Molecular Condensate and Nano Physics

Comparison of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) Spectra for Six-level Lambda \(\Lambda\) and Five-level V-type Systems

Dipankar Bhattacharyya, Arindam Ghosh, Amitava Bandyopadhyay, S. Saha, Sankar De

Published Dec 4, 2015• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is experimentally studied in a rubidium vapour cell (without buffer gas, both \(^{87}\)Rb and \(^{85}\)Rb present according to their natural abundance) kept within two-layers of \(\mu(\mu)\)-metal shields to avoid the effect of Earth's magnetic field on the energy levels of atomic rubidium. An external cavity diode laser (ECDL), used as a low power probe laser, is locked to the hyperfine cross-over peak of \(F = 2 \rightarrow F' = 2, 3\) transitions of \(^{87}\)Rb. The frequency of another ECDL, the pump laser, is set to scan the \(F=1 \rightarrow F' = 0, 1, 2\) transitions of \(^{87}\)Rb. These form the \(\Lambda\)-type six level system. In the V-type system, both the pump and the probe lasers share the same \(F = 2\) ground level. The probe beam coming out of the cell is detected by a low noise fast photodetector. The resulting spectra show signature of EIT in the "peak" for the \(\Lambda\)-type system and in the "dip" for the V-type system. Numerical calculation based simulated spectra are also compared with the experimental spectra. In both the cases very narrow EIT linewidth \((\Gamma_{t} < \Gamma)\) is observed even at high value of pump Rabi-frequency \((\Omega_{c}\gg \Gamma)\). Narrower value of EIT linewidth is due to Doppler averaging phenomena.

DOI
10.26713/jamcnp.v2i2.323

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Comparison of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) Spectra for Six-level Lambda Λ\LambdaΛ and Five-level V-type Systems
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is experimentally studied in a rubidium vapour cell (without buffer gas, both (^{87})Rb and (^{85})Rb present according to their natural abundance) kept within two-layers of (\mu(\mu))-metal shields to avoid the effect of Earth's magnetic field on the energy levels of atomic rubidium. An external cavity diode laser (ECDL), used as a low power probe laser, is locked to the hyperfine cross-over peak of (F = 2 \rightarrow F' = 2, 3) transitions of (^{87})Rb. The frequency of another ECDL, the pump laser, is set to scan the (F=1 \rightarrow F' = 0, 1, 2) transitions of (^{87})Rb. These form the (\Lambda)-type six level system. In the V-type system, both the pump and the probe lasers share the same (F = 2) ground level. The probe beam coming out of the cell is detected by a low noise fast photodetector. The resulting spectra show signature of EIT in the "peak" for the (\Lambda)-type system and in the "dip" for the V-type system. Numerical calculation based simulated spectra are also compared with the experimental spectra. In both the cases very narrow EIT linewidth ((\Gamma_{t} < \Gamma)) is observed even at high value of pump Rabi-frequency ((\Omega_{c}\gg \Gamma)). Narrower value of EIT linewidth is due to Doppler averaging phenomena.
Abstract We report the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a six-level Λ -type system in atomic Rb vapor containing both 87 Rb and 85 Rb. The experimental observation includes five velocity selective optically pumped (VSOP) absorption dips for both 87 Rb and 85 Rb. The EIT signal appears on the background of one such VSOP absorption dips. The measured EIT linewidth ( ) shows sub-natural ( ) values for both lower and higher values of pump Rabi-frequencies. The density matrix based theoretical model for the six-level system is developed and solved numerically by taking into account the Doppler broadening. A complete analytical solution (non perturbative) for a three level Λ -type system has been obtained and compared with the experimentally observed sub-natural EIT linewidth. The simulated spectra are in good agreement with the experimental findings.
Laser spectroscopy experiments are reported on rubidium atoms by using two or three external cavity diode lasers to study multiple resonance transitions in Λ- and V-type systems as well as on (Λ+V)-type system. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) peaks having sub-natural line-widths are found on the Doppler broadened transmission backgrounds with velocity selective enhanced absorption dips. In the presence of a pump laser, probe spectrum shows enhancement of EIT signal by tuning the control laser frequency when the Λ- and V-type EIT signals are made to overlap. Theoretical analysis is carried out by solving the optical Bloch equations for five-level atomic model under Λ configuration. With the numerically simulated spectra, variation of EIT transmission peak with ground state decay rate and excited state spontaneous decay rate are investigated. Effect of pump Rabi frequency on the transmission peak is also shown.
In this paper, we present the theoretical study of double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a four-level V-type system which is formed by two co-propagating laser fields and the Zeeman sublevels of hyperfine transitions of 87Rb D2 line. The density matrix equations for the four-level V-type system are derived from the Liouville’s equation of motion and numerically solved under steady state condition to get the EIT signals. We consider both the probe and pump transmission spectra for the observation of double EIT signals under both Doppler free and Doppler broadened conditions. In case of Doppler free medium, two EIT peaks are formed in the two Lorentzian shape dips present in the both Doppler free probe and pump transmission spectra. When the medium becomes Doppler broadened, the two EIT peaks are formed in the probe transmission spectrum having Doppler broadened background, but the pump transmission spectrum gives two EIT peaks in the Doppler free background. The effect of probe intensity variation on the two EIT peaks is studied in case of Doppler broadened probe transmission spectrum. It is found that the heights of the EIT peaks decrease as the probe intensity increases, and interestingly one EIT peak converts into EIA (electromagnetically induced absorption) dip at some strong probe intensity value. The depth of the EIA dip is significantly increased as the intensity of the probe field increases. We also present the effect of probe intensity variation on the EIT peaks in the pump transmission spectrum and found that the EIT peak heights are increased as the probe intensity increases.
Summary form only given. The results on experimental observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a four-level N-type scheme are presented. The experiments were performed on the D/sub 2/ absorption line of /sup 87/Rb. An experimental setup was based on two independent external cavity diode lasers (ECDL). The copropagating orthogonally polarized laser beams were passed through a rubidium cell. The frequency of one of the lasers (laser 1) was fixed and tuned to the center of the Doppler broadened group of transitions 5S/sub 1/2/(F=2)/spl rarr/5P/sub 3/2/(F=1,2,3).
We observe the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra inside a nitrogen filled Rb vapour cell (Rb-N 2 ) in a five-level Λ-type system of D 2 transition of Rb atom. The high contrast EIT resonance in buffer gas filled Rb cell is obtained under our experimental conditions. The effect of velocity changing coherence preserving collisions to obtain the contrast resonance in buffer gas cell has been discussed. We measured the dependence of EIT width and height on pump intensity and find that the EIT width (FWHM) and peak height have a linear dependence on pump intensity. Our experimental results show that the presence of N2 buffer gas reduces the power broadening of the observed resonances.
An electromagnetically induced transparency is observed at one arm of a three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type system in a rubidium D1 line (794.8 nm) with an 85% reduction in absorption, when a pumping field is present at the other arm. This reduction in absorption for the weak probe field is due to the atomic coherence produced by the strong pumping field. This experiment is done in a Rb vapor cell at room temperature with cw diode lasers for both pumping and probe beams in a Doppler-free configuration. A simple theoretical treatment including Doppler broadening is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental measurement.